刻板印象激活的行为效应是一个普遍存在、影响广泛的问题。
The behavioral effect of stereotype activation existed in many fields and had a widespread influence.
有关税收的行为效应分析，是公共政策所有领域最富有争议的问题。
Analysis of the behavioral effects of taxation is among the most contentions of all areas of public policy.
刻板印象激活的行为效应是指刻板印象激活后个体所产生的行为变化。
The behavioral effect of stereotype activation refers to the changes in an individuals overt actions following stereotype activation.
因此，本研究通过两项实验来考察个体化对女性消极自我刻板印象激活的行为效应所存在的影响。
This research tested the effects of individuation on the behavioral effect of female negative self-relevant stereotype activation through two experiments.
研究的下一步将关注生化反应与行为效应间的相互协同关系，即在身边有治疗动物的时候，孩子是否会更容易安静下来，或者更容易放松？
The next step would be to coordinate biochemical changes with behavioral effects — is the child calmer and easier to handle when with a therapy animal?
本文介绍了西方关于刻板印象激活的行为效应的两种主要机制，即刻板印象威胁理论和观念运动理论，并对两种理论进行了分析和比较。
The authors introduces two main mechanisms accountable for the behavioral effect, i. e. , the stereotype threat theory and the ideomotor theory, analyzes and compares the two mechanisms.
仔细研究穷人的生育行为是很重要的，因为有大量关于婴儿高死亡率的“替代效应”的文献。
A closer look at the fertility behavior of the poor is important because of the extensive literature on the "replacement effect" of high infant mortality.
对于一些行为如吸烟或饮酒来说，直接的网络效应相当明显，弗莱彻说。
For some behaviors, such as smoking or drinking, the direct network effect is quite apparent, Fletcher says.
有一个现象叫做“霍索恩效应”：因为意识到受到关注，所以我们会不自觉的改变自己的行为。
There's a phenomenon called the Hawthorne effect: we change our behavior just by being aware that we're being watched.
这是首个能够证明跨越世代效应不仅仅体现在行为上，更体现在大脑可塑性上。
This study is probably the first study to show there are transgenerational effects not only on behavior but on brain plasticity.
它的级联效应和强调愤世嫉俗的想法强化了个体自私的态度和孤独得行为。
Its a cascade effect and emphasizes cynical thinking and just reinforces the selfish attitude and solitude for an individual.
我们的策略是寻找一种只有成瘾药物和行为能导致的系统效应。
Our strategy was to look for systematic effects that all and only the addictive drugs and activities have on addicts.
针对妇女的暴力行为的社会和经济成本巨大，并在社会上产生涟漪效应。
The social and economic costs of violence against women are enormous and have ripple effects throughout society.
这里，行为遗传学研究正处理可重复性和小尺度效应问题。
The point is that behavioral genetics studies were dealing with a problem of reproducibility and small effect sizes.
这些效应是行为和体验方面的。
研究者还希望看看这样的效应是否存在于真实的世界，考虑时间或金钱是否影响了人们真实的行为表现。
But Mogilner wanted to test the effect in the real world, seeing how people actually spent their time.
“纵容效应”：研究者发现，当消费者购买了环保商品之后，他们将建立起一种道德凭据，从而纵容接下来不好的行为。
The 'licensing effect' : Researchers have found that buying green can establish the moral credentials that license subsequent bad behaviour. Photograph: Martin Godwin.
这些研究以一个被他们命名为“Hawthorne ”效应的结论结束，这个在当时十分具有影响力的结论告诉我们，仅仅是被实验就足以使实验客体的行为发生改变。
Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changes subjects' behaviour.
这主要是因为Caspi等人消除了在行为遗传学中普遍流行的困境：效应小且不可复制。
Primarily this was because Caspi et al. addressed a problem that had been quite prevalent in behavioral genetics: small and non-reproducible effects.
上述的行为可以叫做C效应，即一个人一生的投票习惯受早期影响。
This may reflect a "cohort effect", the notion that a person's lifelong voting habits are established early on.
他还发现一种行为影响的效应：对某一谋杀案越多的报道就有越多人模仿该案件(看到图片后的模仿是有力的证据)。
He also found a dose-response effect: the more coverage of a suicide, the greater the number of copycat deaths. (See pictures of an exhibit of Columbine evidence.)
行为遗传学家则把能带来这种效应的环境称为“共有(环境)(shared)”，因为这种环境对那些在一起成长的兄弟姐妹而言是共同的。
Behavioral geneticists refer to such environmental effects as "Shared" because they are common to siblings who grow up together.
当然，城市的交通规划者们对于这个问题也是很清楚的，毕竟，城市交通总是充斥了各式各样的负外部性问题，例如某位司机轻踩刹车的微小行为，就会引发一连串的连锁效应，对众多其他司机产生影响。
Urban planners know this problem all too well. After all, traffic is filled with negative externalities.
从众效应是指跟随或采取和大多数人一样的行为来使自己感觉安全或避免争斗的一种趋势。
Herd mentality is the tendency to adopt the opinions and follow the behaviors of the majority to feel safer and to avoid conflict.
这意味着研究人员正受着把环境引起的通过这种表观修饰转变为行为的效应和由于遗传引起的行为的效应搞混的困扰。
That means environmentally induced effects that are translated into action by this sort of epigenesis might be being confused by researchers with inherited ones.
他们看不到自己的行为所产生的即刻效应。
They don't see the immediate affect their actions have on me.
通常，你在这些情境中无意的行为，会产生部分强化效应。
And so typically, what you're doing inadvertently in those situations is you're exploiting the partial reinforcement effect.
通常，你在这些情境中无意的行为，会产生部分强化效应。
And so typically, what you're doing inadvertently in those situations is you're exploiting the partial reinforcement effect.
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