在考虑管道长度特征的前提下，把管道近似地看作长梁或薄壳，然后以“含裂纹零维度单元”模型（即垂直于裂纹面方向的单元尺度为零）计算出裂纹对管道动态特性的影响。
This paper treats a pipe as a beam or as a thin shell. Then, the effect of cracks on the dynamic characteristics of pipes is calculated by means of the model of zero dimension element with crack.
橡塑模具制品一般具有厚度方向尺寸较面内尺寸很小且形状复杂等特点，所以在对制品进行翘曲变形分析时，就可采用薄壳有限元法。
Most injection-molded parts are complicated thin-shell like structure, so the thin shell finite element method is usually used to analyze the warpage and deformation of the parts.
橡塑模具制品一般具有厚度方向尺寸较面内尺寸很小且形状复杂等特点，所以在对制品进行翘曲变形分析时，就可采用薄壳有限元法。
Most injection-molded parts are complicated thin-shell like structure, so the thin shell finite element method is usually used to analyze the warpage and deformation of the parts.
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