本文基于民法理论和各国海事司法实践，提出了确定船舶碰撞过失的一般原则和特殊原则，并着重对特殊原则作了分析和论述。
Based on Civil Law and the maritime legal practice in the world, general and specific rules are discussed for determining the faults in ships' collision, with the focus on the latter type.
互有过失的船舶，对碰撞造成的船舶以及船上货物和其他财产的损失，依照前款规定的比例负赔偿责任。
The ships in fault shall be liable for the damage to the ship, the goods and other property on board pursuant to the proportions prescribed in the preceding paragraph.
第一百六十八条船舶发生碰撞，是由于一船的过失造成的，由有过失的船舶负赔偿责任。
Article168 If the collision is caused by the fault of one of the ships, the one in fault shall be liable therefor.
如果碰撞是由于一艘船舶的过失所引起，损害赔偿的责任便应由该艘过失船舶承担。
If the collision is caused by the fault of one of the vessels, liability to make good the damages attaches to the one which has committed the fault.
如果碰撞是由于一艘船舶的过失所引起，损害赔偿的责任便应由该艘过失船舶承担。
If the collision is caused by the fault of one of the vessels, liability to make good the damages attaches to the one which has committed the fault.
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