我们三个大脑中最先进化的是科学家们所称的爬虫脑皮质。
The first of our three brains to evolve is what scientists call the reptilian cortex.
事实上，不同的情绪状态会在面部肌肉和大脑中产生特定的脑电活动模式。
In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain.
他发现，在跑步机上锻炼的老鼠，其大脑中流过的脑源性神经营养因子水平有所提高。
He found that rats that exercise on a treadmill have raised levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor coursing through their brains.
一位大脑遭受部分损伤的病人只会说一个字，"叹"，其他的词都无法说出。
A patient who had damage to part of his brain can only say one word, "Tan," and everything else was gone.
他和其他研究人员随后又解释道，第二大脑的复杂性远不尽于此。
He and other researchers explain, however, that the second brain's complexity likely cannot be interpreted through this process alone.
血脑障壁更是重大障碍，它有着阻止血液中许多物质进入我们大脑的作用。
The blood-brain barrier - which stops most things in the blood stream from crossing to our brains - is much too great an obstacle.
但是，女性通常血液留往大脑的速度要更快，这使她们年老的时候更少损失脑组织。
But women generally have faster blood flow to their brains, causing them to lose less brain tissue as they age.
那么今晚为什么不把任天堂的大脑培训师收起来，取而代之的是益脑的饮食方式。
So why not put the Nintendo brain trainer away tonight, and eat your way to intelligence instead?
尽管如此，一种植入脑干被称为脑起搏器的装置能够像有规律的起搏器作用于心脏那样，将电脉冲送入大脑的具体部位。
However, a device called a brain pacemaker implanted in the brain stem can send electrical impulses to specific parts of the brain, like a regular pacemaker does in the heart.
大脑图像表明：在面对悲伤情景时，复发患者的中前额脑回部位呈现出更多的活动，这一部位位于我们大脑的前部。
The images showed that when faced with sadness, the relapsing patients displayed more activity in the medial prefrontal gyrus, located in the front of the brain.
在脑（脊）膜之间的空间里充满了液体可以缓和大脑的冲击并防止因为接触到内部颅骨而受损害。
The spaces between these membranes are filled with fluid that cushions the brain and keeps it from being damaged by contact with the inside of the skull.
他将手机视为人的“外脑”：“你将大脑的部分记忆外包给外脑，并利用外脑来提供其他一些功能，例如GPS导航，或者搜索互联网。
He sees the phone as an exobrain: “Your regular brain uses your exobrain to outsource part of its memory, and perform other functions, such as GPS navigation, or searching the internet.
这样一个想法是通过脑扫描得出的，它反映出即使传输给大脑的是一个很小的疼痛，但是这个信号仍可以在脑海中被放大。
Such ideas are being explored with brain scans which suggest that even if a low level of pain is being sent to the brain, the signal can be turned up by the “mind” itself.
研究显示某一大脑的嵌入物可以直接记录大脑电活动，控制一个假肢器官。
Research has shown that a brain implant that can record brain electrical activity directly can control a prosthetic device.
科学家们认为会有“左脑人”或“右脑人”这样的偏向，而另一些人则是“全脑人”，意味着他们两个大脑的使用程度相当。
Scientists think that some people are more "right-brained" or "left-brained" while others are more "whole-brained, " meaning they use both halves of their brain to the same degree.
科学家们认为会有“左脑人”或“右脑人”这样的偏向，而另一些人则是“全脑人”，意味着他们两个大脑的使用程度相当。
Scientists think that some people are more "right-brained" or "left-brained" while others are more "whole-brained," meaning they use both halves of their brain to the same degree.
这一观点具体来说就是，说话由大脑的某些部位负责，包括被称为布洛卡区的脑区；而理解他人的话语则是另外一些脑区负责，包括被称为韦尔尼克区的脑区。
The idea is that speech is produced in some parts of the brain, including a region known as Broca's area, and understood in others, including a region known as Wernicke's area.
有规律的体育活动有助于改善脑功能，它不仅可以增加流入大脑的血液，还可以刺激与神经发育有关的激素及神经生长因子的产生。
Regular physical activity may improve brain function, both by increasing blood flow to the brain and stimulating the production of hormones and nerve growth factors involved in neurogenesis.
马泽里和托马西写道，一些研究表明，大脑的左右半脑似乎是各自处理积极的抑或是消极的情绪，好比某种情绪是对它的胃口一般。
Marzoli and Tommasi write that some work has shown that the left and right hemispheres of the brain appear to be tuned for positive and negative emotions, respectively.
在快速眼动睡眠期，我们大脑的脑电活动反映了我们醒着时大脑的活动。
During REM sleep, our brain's electrical activity mirrors its activity when we're awake.
沿着神经胃肠病学，一条繁花似锦的大道，我们对第二大脑的思考过程有新的了解——作用身体和大脑。
Down the road, the blossoming field of neurogastroenterology will likely offer some new insight into the workings of the second brain—and its impact on the body and mind.
在大部分脑区，倾听者大脑的激活模式比西尔·伯特大脑的激活模式要慢几秒钟。
In most brain regions, the activation pattern in the listeners' brains came a few seconds after that seen in Silbert's brain.
它会激活前额脑区底部。我们判断和别人关系的亲疏，靠的就是大脑的这个区域。
It activates a region of the brain called the orbitofrontal cortex, which distinguishes feelings for people with whom we have a close relationship from others.
人类因基所包含的信息是如此之少，以致于就连去具体规定人类1011的神经细胞中任意一个细胞应占据大脑的哪个半脑都无法做到，更不用提每个神经细胞所会形成的数百种连接。
Human genes contain too little information even to specify which hemisphere of the brain each of a human's 10 "neurons should occupy, let alone the hundreds of connections that each neuron makes."
外脑理论所改变的并不仅仅是我们对自己大脑的想法，还能改变我们对今天各种能改变我们思想的技术的好坏所作出的评判。
The extended mind theory doesn't just change the way we think about the mind. It also changes how we judge what's good and bad about today's mind-altering technologies.
肠脑，作为真正意义上的肠道神经系统，大约由5亿神经细胞构成，这和猫的大脑的神经细胞数目相当。
The "gut brain, " formally known as the enteric nervous system, is made up of some 500 million nerve cells, as many as there are in a cat's brain.
肠脑，作为真正意义上的肠道神经系统，大约由5亿神经细胞构成，这和猫的大脑的神经细胞数目相当。
The "gut brain, " formally known as the enteric nervous system, is made up of some 500 million nerve cells, as many as there are in a cat's brain.
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