在这基础上分析了胶子喷注与夸克喷注的区别。
The difference between gluon jet and quark jet is analyzed on these basis.
胶子是通过所谓的强力把夸克粘到一起的粒子群。
Gluons are particles that "glue" quarks together using the so-called strong force.
夸克和胶子只有在宇宙能量环境足够低时才能凝聚成较大的微粒。
Quarks and gluons were only able to condense into larger particles when universal energy conditions were low enough.
后面将会看到，胶子对于质子内夸克的动力学机制来说是必需的。
We shall see later that gluons are essential to the dynamics of the quarks inside the proton.
夸克与胶子的速度越来越慢，于是有些粒子开始能短暂地黏聚在一起。
The quarks and gluons slowed down so much that some of them could begin sticking together briefly.
与此相应，软p的结构是由胶子形成的一系列切割梯形图之和所代表。
Corresponding to such mechanism, the relevant structure of soft Pomeron is represented by the sum of a series of cutting ladder diagrams.
在这种情况下，原子核将会蒸发成等离子体，甚至是更小的粒子，比如夸克和胶子。
Under such conditions atomic nuclei "evaporate" into a plasma of even smaller particles called quarks and gluons.
这表明，只是对于较硬的胶子，胶子喷注比夸克喷注“胖”的结论才能成立。
This indicates that the conclusion on gluon jets being "fatter" than quark jets is valid only for hard gluons.
输运方程给出了胶子物质热平衡化时间短和夸克物质热平衡化时间长的结果。
A short thermalization time for gluon matter and a long thermalization time for quark matter are results of the transport equations.
这是物理学家第一次明确地证实了梦寐以求的夸克胶子等离子体（或叫“夸克汤”）反应。
This is the first time that physicists were able to positively confirm the creation of the much sought after quark-gluon plasma, or ‘quark soup’.
在这样的温度下，物质被认为处于一种完全不同的，被称为“夸克-胶子等离子态”的状态。
At these temperatures, matter is thought to take on an entirely different state; a state called a "quark-gluon plasma."
ALICE实验已经确认了在这样的能量下，夸克——胶子等离子体是一种超低粘度的液体。
The ALICE experiment has confirmed the quark-gluon plasma is a ultra-low viscosity liquid at these energies.
大爆炸产生的热量逐个地熔化了原子的核物质，释放出了原子内部的粒子(比如胶子和夸克)。
The heat from the Big Bang literally melted the nuclear matter of atoms, releasing the particles inside (like gluons and quarks).
结果表明，两种交换之间的差别较大，混合角的实验数据更倾向于支持单胶子交换。
It is found that the difference is large between two kinds of exchanges, and the experimental data on such mixing angles favor one gluon exchange clearly.
本文简要评述了夸克物质(夸克-胶子等离子体)在理论和实验两个方面的研究现状。
Brief status on quark matter (quark-gluon plasma) both in theoretical and in experimental fields are reviewed.
在RHIC上，最令人感应诧异的是跨克-胶子等浪子不是气体，其默示更象是液体。
At RHIC, the biggest surprise was that the quark-gluon plasma, instead of being a gas, acts like a perfect liquid.
同时把胶子的反常贡献和轨道角动量的贡献都考虑在内，计算结果与实验数据符合很好。
A better agreement with the experimental data is obtained when it accounted for the contributions of anomalous gluons and orbital Angle momentum.
夸克是这种物质的最基本构造块之一，它被胶子束缚在一起形成亚原子粒子“混合物”，如质子和中子。
One of the fundamental building blocks of matter, called quarks, are bound together by gluons to form 'composite' subatomic particles such as protons and neutrons.
然后还有中微子，W和Z波色子，类电子的μ粒子和τ粒子，还有胶子——它的作用是将夸克聚合成团。
Then there are neutrinos, W and Z bosons, the electron-like muon and tau particles, and gluons—which hold quarks together in groups.
色动力学带色夸克之间联系的物理学，尤指其强烈相互作用的本质，是以胶子的交换为特征的。
The physics of the relationship between color-carrying quarks, especially the nature of their strong interaction, which is characterized by the exchange of gluons.
本研究也清楚地表明了坡密子的胶子起源和胶子球的粒子性本质，这是一个长期没有解决的问题。
Our study not only reproduces the Pomeron-nucleon coupling from QCD but also clearly shows the gluonic origin and glueball nature of Pomeron.
研究了正在进行化学平衡的具有有限重子密度的夸克 -胶子等离子体系统的演化和双轻子产生。
The evolution and dilepton production of a chemically equilibrating quark-gluon plasma system at finite baryon density have been studied.
人们相信，在137亿年以前的大爆炸几分之一秒后，这种超高温的“夸克-胶子等离子体”充满了整个宇宙。
The super-hot 'quark-gluon plasma' is believed to have been the entire cosmos a fraction of a second after the Big Bang 13.7billion years ago.
胶球、多夸克态和混杂子是三种可能的新强子构造，它们分别是胶子、多夸克以及夸克与胶子的束缚态。
They are gluons, multi-quarks and gluon-quarks bound states respectively. In this thesis, we discuss the properties of these New Hadrons.
高能重离子碰撞物理学主要目的是研究极端条件下核物质的性质，探测夸克—胶子等离子体（QGP）。
The major goal of high energy heavy ion collision is to investigate nuclear matter properties under extreme conditions and detect quark-gluon plasma (QGP).
科学家们将通过此次实验来研究一种名为夸克-胶子等离子体的物质，它是宇宙大爆炸后极短瞬间形成超高能量密度。
The experiments will allow scientists to study a substance called the quark-gluon plasma, which existed in the fleeting first moments after the Big Bang.
量子色动力学预言在高温高密条件下，有可能发生从强子物质到退紧闭的夸克-胶子等离子体的相变跃迁。
Quantum chromodaynamics predicts that at high temperature and high density a deconfined phase from hadronic matter to quark-gluon plasma will occur.
RHIC和LHC上的相对论性重离子实验的一个主要目标就是寻找这种新的物质形态—夸克胶子等离子体。
One of main objects of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions experiments at RHIC and LHC is to discover this kind of new state of matter-quark gluon plasma.
RHIC和LHC上的相对论性重离子实验的一个主要目标就是寻找这种新的物质形态—夸克胶子等离子体。
One of main objects of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions experiments at RHIC and LHC is to discover this kind of new state of matter-quark gluon plasma.
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