传统的电话系统或ip网络描述为竖井(silo)结构，由与网络设备提供商(Net work Equipment Providers,NEP)硬件紧密偶合的专用黑盒解决方案组成。
The traditional telephony system or IP network is depicted as a silo structure, which is comprised of proprietary black box solutions closely coupled with network Equipment Providers (NEP) hardware.
多媒体信息服务MMS是一项全新的移动数据业务，是一个涉及终端设备制造商、网络运营商、内容和应用提供商的综合性移动解决方案。
The Multimedia Messaging Service(MMS) is a new mobile business, and a synthesized solution involved terminal device maker, network service provider, content and application provider.
光网络解决方案系统提供商规划、研发、生产、设备安装调试人员；
Staff from fiber network system research, produce and equipments adjusting.
光网络解决方案系统提供商规划、研发、生产、设备安装调试人员；
Staff from fiber network system research, produce and equipments adjusting.
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