主流模型都抱着以下观点:经济行为者都掌握着充足信息,并理解这个世界的深奥与复杂。
Mainstream models take the view that economic agents are superbly informed and understand the deep complexities of the world.
股市的所有这些走势都有一个共同点,那就是数百万投资者的行为都是基于这样一种观点:股价与未来几个月和未来几年的经济形势密切相关。
All these moves have one thing in common: Millions of investors have acted on the belief that share values are closely related to what will happen in the economy in the next few months and years.
如果经济增长和利率水平很稳定,那么企业和消费者的更加冒险的行为就会得到鼓励,特别是承担负债问题上。
If economic growth and interest rates are stable, businesses and consumers will be encouraged to take more risks, and in particular to take on more debt.
博弈论最初起源于经济学,用来分析企业、市场、消费者等的行为。
Game theory was initially developed in economics to understand behavior of firms, markets, consumers etc.
一旦市场参与者开始将对通胀的考虑纳入行为中,经济最终将回到此前的失业率水平,但通胀率却上去了。
Once market participants started to take into account inflation in their behaviour, the economy would eventually end up with the same rate of unemployment as before but a higher rate of inflation.
一种手段是使用微观经济学的个案研究来观察消费者行为对从量税退税及减税的反应。
One approach is to use microeconomic case studies to examine consumer behaviour in response to specific tax rebates and cuts.
一些政策制定者正在采取新的措施:行为经济学。
Some policymakers are reaching for a new tool: behavioural economics.
该方案的支持者称,网络企业躲避企业所得税的行为导致了经济成本的增加。
Supporters of the scheme claim that online companies, by *dodging corporation tax, cost the economy dear.
但是各国的政策制定者在2008年的行为表明他们会介入其中,来阻止银行倒闭的危机蔓延成为整体的经济危机,而且在2009年他们会继续这么做。
But policymakers demonstrated during 2008 that they were prepared to step in to prevent individual banking failures from turning into a broader economic crisis and they will do so again during 2009.
与以往不同,这类交易者现在有了多种选择,因为世界各国的央行为刺激经济都在下调利率。
And unlike in the past, carry traders now have options, as central Banks worldwide have hammered down rates in a concerted effort to galvanize the economy.
伦敦经济学院经济行为研究中心主任——约翰·范·雷南推算,私有化也使劳动者分享蛋糕份额减少。
John Van Reenen, the director of the Centre for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics, reckons that privatisation has also led to a decline in Labour's share of the cake.
和许多模型不同,ABMs不要求有很多的代表性个体参与。代表性个体是指同类的经营者、公司或商家的代表,其个体行为映射出整体经济的全貌。
Unlike many models, ABMs are not populated with "representative agents" : identical traders, firms or households whose individual behaviour mirrors the economy as a whole.
专门研究消费者行为的市场咨询公司——捷孚凯(Gf K Roper)指出,自1981年以来的每一次经济衰退,美国消费者都削减了外出吃饭、游玩、度假的开支。
GfK Roper, a consultancy specialising in consumer behaviour, notes that in every recession since 1981 American consumers cut back on going out to eat and play and on holidays.
我们试图传达另一层意思,一种包括公司行为和经济,但比这两者之和还要大的东西,一种更多指向新世纪的东西。
We were trying to convey something else, something larger than business and economics, though encompassing both: something pointed more toward the new century.
本课程将侧重于市场机制、消费者行为、生产经济、市场结构和企业战略。
Special emphasis will be placed on market mechanism, consumer behavior, production economic, market structure, and firm strategy.
相反,微观经济学研究的就是经济行为和决策的个体消费者,公司和行业。
In contrast, microeconomics is the study of the economic behaviour and decision-making of individual consumers, firms, and industries.
而消费者的需求数量和结构的变化受到多方面因素如人口、经济、社会文化、购买心理和购买行为等的影响。
And changes in consumer demand and the number of structures affected by many factors such as population, economic, social, cultural, psychological, and purchasing behavior of purchase.
由于大数据的力量,经济学家能够实时追踪消费者行为,近乎准确地知道一位好老师对于孩子终身收入的具体价值。
Thanks to the power of big data, economists can track consumer behaviour in real time or know almost precisely how much a good teacher is worth to the lifetime income of children.
转轨经济中我国消费者消费行为发生了重大变异。
The consumer behavior of our country has changed greatly in the transitional economy.
我是经济学家所谓的“信息羊群行为”的受害者。
I was a victim of what economists call "informational herding".
多数经济学家认为居民消费价格指数(CPI)的计算方法才是正确的,因为这个公式模仿了那些购买数量很少而价格却相对比较高的物品的消费者的行为。
Most economists think that the CPI method is the right one, because its formula mimics the behaviour of consumers, who buy less of a product that is becoming relatively dearer.
管理经济学、管理学、经济法、市场营销、营销策划、市场调研、整合营销、国际市场营销、消费者行为分析。
Managerial Economics, Management, Business Law, Marketing, Marketing Planning, Market Survey and Prediction, Integral Marketing, International Marketing, Behavior Analysis of Consumers.
所以,为获取经济利益而故意添加三聚氢胺,欺骗消费者的行为是根本不能接受的。
So, intentional addition for economic benefits to cheat the consumer is just plain not acceptable.
消费者购买行为在经济衰退期如何变化?
消费者购买行为在经济衰退期如何变化?
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