学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.
人类细胞植物，如果它损坏，销毁性质组织，以消灭人类。
Plant human cells, if it damaged, destroyed nature organizations, to the eradication of mankind.
有些浮游植物是细菌，有些是原生生物，而大多数则是单细胞植物。
Some phytoplankton are bacteria, some are protists, and most are single-celled plants.
藻是几千种不同有生物的总称，包括单细胞植物，也包括大型褐藻和其他大型植物。
Algae is a name for thousands of different organisms. They include single-celled plants as well as kelp and other large plants.
上图就是旧金山海湾的一个浮游生物网内聚集的单细胞植物硅藻——这种藻类在世界各大海洋都广泛分布。
The single-celled diatoms below—the likes of which are found in oceans worldwide—were collected with a plankton net in San Francisco Bay.
海藻是一个庞大的家族，除了一些大型海藻外，很多都是非常微小的植物，有的是单细胞植物。
The family is a huge algae, except for a few large seaweed, many are very small plant, have a plenty of single-celled plants.
归有五个界：动物界、植物界、真菌界、茸鞭生物界——包括单细胞植物，如硅藻——和原生动物界，或单细胞生物体。
There are five kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, chromists—including one-celled plants such as diatoms—and protozoa, or one-celled organisms.
植物细胞也通过电信号进行交流。
Cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals.
今天，生物学家利用21世纪的工具来研究细胞和DNA，开始了解这些植物是如何捕食和消化的——以及这些奇异的适应性最初是如何产生的。
Today, biologists, using 21st-century tools to study cells and DNA, are beginning to understand how these plants hunt, eat and digest—and how such bizarre adaptations arose in the first place.
最成功的陆生植物群体是那些进化出了受精性细胞散布方法的群体，这些方法不依赖于水和防止发育中的胚胎干涸的结构。
The most successful groups of land plants are those that evolved methods of fertilized sex cell dispersal that are independent of water and structures that protest developing embryos from drying out.
它们允许一定量的盐分进入它们的细胞，将水中的盐分带进植物体内，并把其体内的盐含量提高到比周围海水稍高的浓度。
They allow a certain amount of salt to enter their cells, bringing the salt content of the water within the plant, to a slightly higher concentration than that of the surrounding seawater.
与水生和海洋生物不同，陆生植物不能总是依靠水流来携带它们的生殖细胞和分散它们的受精卵。
Unlike aquatic and marine forms, land plants cannot always rely on water currents to carry their sex cells and disperse their fertilized eggs.
植物内部发出的电信号与动物复杂的大脑中发出的神经信号只是表面上相似，动物大脑不仅仅是“通过电信号交流的细胞群”，塔伊兹说道。
The signaling in a plant is only superficially similar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than "a mass of cells that communicate by electricity," Taiz said.
海水不仅不能抽走植物细胞里的水分，海水中的盐分反而会进入细胞内部，这就是所谓的反渗透。这种反渗透能力增加了细胞的强度。
Instead of freshwater moving out of the plant cells, salt from the seawater enters, reverse osmosis, and this actually strengthens the cells.
绿藻以淀粉的形式储存食物，陆生植物也是如此，它们的细胞壁由纤维素构成，与陆生植物的细胞壁组成相似。
Green algae store food as starch, as do land plants and have cell walls made of cellulose, similar in composition to those of land plants.
植物的祖先是进行光合作用的单细胞生物，由此产生的植物可能缺乏真正的根、茎、叶和复杂的生殖结构，如花朵。
The ancestors of plants were photosynthetic single-celled organisms that gave rise to plants presumably lacked true roots, stems, leaves, and complex reproductive structures such as flowers.
当水通过植物细胞的细胞壁，它会从含盐量最低的一侧进入含盐量最高的一侧。
When water moves through the wall of a plant cell, it will move from the side containing water with the lowest amount of salt into the side containing the highest amount of salt.
有迹象表明，多效性植物激素实际上可能通过激活酶来发挥作用，这些酶从细胞壁释放出这些更为特殊的化学信使。
There are indications that pleiotropic plant hormones may actually function by activating the enzymes that release these other, more specific chemical messengers from the cell wall.
植物细胞的骨架在丛枝周围重组。
The plant cell cytoskeleton is reorganized around the arbuscules.
这些反应都在每个植物细胞都有的叫做叶绿体的小盒子里进行，这也是光合作用发生的地方。
This action all takes place inside tiny capsules called chloroplasts that reside inside every plant cell - and which is where photosynthesis happens.
土壤中的砷或镉被运送到植物细胞并贮存在被称为液泡的小隔间里。
Arsenic or cadmium in soils is transported to plant cells and stored in compartments called vacuoles.
科学家还在研究锈病是如何分泌那种可以使它进入植物细胞的物质。
Scientists are also investigating how rust secretes the substances that enable it to break into the plant's cells.
科学家还在研究锈病是如何分泌那种可以使它进入植物细胞的物质。
Scientists are also investigating how rust secretes the substances that enable it to break into the plant’s cells.
当你听到抗虫害这个词，开始也许你不会想到这真正意味着什么- - -所改变的植物在其细胞内产生它们自己的农药。
When you hear the term 'pest-resistant', you might not think, at first, of what that truly means - that the modified plants are creating their own pesticide inside their cells.
DNA是每一个植物和生物细胞中的信息存储成分。
DNA is the information storage component in every cell in every plant and animal.
已知植物多酚阻止脂肪细胞的发育。
Plant polyphenols are known to resist the development of fat cells.
科学家们也在调查锈病菌如何分泌能够让它进入植物细胞内的物质。
Scientists are alsoinvestigating how rust secretes the substances that enable it to break into theplant’s cells.
植物可以像细胞一样小，就像是海洋中成千上万个小植物。
Plants can be as small as one cell, like the millions of tiny plants in the seas.
为此，他们必须首先确定一种新型条码，因为植物中没有细胞色素氧化酶(COI)基因。
In doing so, they have had to identify a new kind of barcode, as the COI gene is not found in plants.
为此，他们必须首先确定一种新型条码，因为植物中没有细胞色素氧化酶(COI)基因。
In doing so, they have had to identify a new kind of barcode, as the COI gene is not found in plants.
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