对于标量粒子，其质量的获得则主要通过推广的平群约化方法。
And the mass for scalar particles is mainly given by generalized reduction on trivial group.
从那时开始，人们发现量子群在很多领域都有着深刻的应用，范围遍及理论物理、辛几何、扭结理论与约化代数群的模表示理论等。
Since then they have found numerous and deep applications in areas ranging from theoretical physics, symplectic geometry, knot theory, and modular representations of reductive algebraic groups.
该文利用自由幺半群上的有理形式幂级数理论，构造出该概率分布的约化线性表示，从而完全解决了噪声变量的概率分布计算问题。
In this paper, we propose a reduced linear representation of such distribution based on the formal power series on free monoid which can be easily used to calculate the probability distribution.
引入空间群消光规律，用计算机模拟电子衍射图，提出选取约化四边形的新方法。
Adopting the space-group extinction rule and simulating the electron diffraction pattern with computer, this paper proposed a new method for selecting the reduced quadrangle.
引入空间群消光规律，用计算机模拟电子衍射图，提出选取约化四边形的新方法。
Adopting the space-group extinction rule and simulating the electron diffraction pattern with computer, this paper proposed a new method for selecting the reduced quadrangle.
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