异时性的系统发育研究是建立在系统发育假设的基础上的。
Phylogeny Studies of heterochrony are built upon the phylogenetic assumptions used.
从非神经系生成诱导性神经细胞可能对神经系统发育、神经系统疾病模型和再生医学的研究具有重要意义。
Generation of in cells from non-neural lineages could have important implications for studies of neural development, neurological disease modelling and regenerative medicine.
使用单基因作为系统发育的标记，在有水平基因转移存在的情况下很难追查生物的系统发育。
Using single genes as phylogenetic markers, it is difficult to trace organismal phylogeny in the presence of HGT .
应用支序系统学原理和方法研究了膜翅目叶蜂总科世界已知427属的系统发育关系。
The phylogeny of the known 427 genera of Tenthredinoidea of world was reconstructed using the principle and methods of cladistics.
基于分支系统学的原理和方法，对禾本科以礼草属进行了系统发育分析。
Based on the principles and methods of cladistics, the phylogeny in Kengyilia of Poaceae is analysed in the present paper.
不同的系统发育重建算法以不同的方式编码空位，但是不同的编码方式对系统发育分析结果的影响并不清楚。
Different phylogenetic algorithms code gaps in different ways. However, it is not clear the effect of different gap coding methods on phylogenetic results.
最后在简单引述了柳珊瑚分子系统发育学同传统形态分类学方法之间关系的同时，也对柳珊瑚分子系统发育学今后的重点研究方向做了预测。
The relationships between molecular phylogeny and morphological classification are quoted and the key prospects for the study of the phylogeny of Gorgonian are also predicted.
选择合适的分子标记以及最大限度地挖掘和利用其所包含的系统发育信息是构建可靠的系统发育树的关键。
To reconstruct a reliable species phylogeny, one of the most important issues is to choose proper molecular markers and take full advantage of phylogenetic information contained in these markers.
介绍了叶绿体基因组在系统发育学和基因工程这两个领域的应用研究进展：1）叶绿体基因组的DNA序列比较为植物系统发育学研究提供了可靠数据基础；
The applications of chloroplast genome in the studies of phylogeny and bioengineering are reviewed: 1) the DNA sequence of chloroplast genome provides a sound data base for plant phylogenic studies;
介绍了叶绿体基因组在系统发育学和基因工程这两个领域的应用研究进展：1）叶绿体基因组的DNA序列比较为植物系统发育学研究提供了可靠数据基础；
The applications of chloroplast genome in the studies of phylogeny and bioengineering are reviewed: 1) the DNA sequence of chloroplast genome provides a sound data base for plant phylogenic studies;
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