悬挂式防渗墙能显著提高堤基抵抗管涌破坏的能力，且防渗墙布置在堤防下游侧比上游侧更有效。
Suspended cut-off wall can effectively increase foundation resistance to piping and it is more efficient when it is situated in land side than in river side.
同时，在坝基厚度改变情况下，分别探索了渗流量、砂环直径、测压管水头、管涌破坏时间等的变化规律。
Meanwhile, in the case of the change of foundation thickness, the law of seepage amount, sand ring diameter, piezometric head, piping breach time etc were respectively explored.
当三层堤基浅砂层较薄时，将发生深层管涌破坏，管涌破坏区涉及浅砂层及下部砂砾石层，其宽度和深度较双层堤基大，出口涌砂量也较多。
But for triple stratum foundation, if the top sand layer is relatively thin, piping is vertical. The damage zones are large in width and depth that expand to the sand layer and gravel layer.
提出了填充系数理论，制订了土体渗透破坏形式的填充系数判别式和管涌临界破坏坡降计算图。
The filling coefficient theory was put forward, a criterion for the filling coefficient of soil stratum failure and a critical hydraulic gradient chart were formulated.
由于现场钻孔管涌试验所得的坝基岩体试验破坏坡降较大，不足以反映断层破碎带最差部位的岩体破坏坡降。
The hydraulic gradient gained from the permeability testing in the site is higher and can not reflect the real hydraulic gradient of the heavily fractured rock.
由于现场钻孔管涌试验所得的坝基岩体试验破坏坡降较大，不足以反映断层破碎带最差部位的岩体破坏坡降。
The hydraulic gradient gained from the permeability testing in the site is higher and can not reflect the real hydraulic gradient of the heavily fractured rock.
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