当异常半球中的神经元在成熟之前经历过多的细胞分裂时，就会发生这种罕见的疾病，即大脑一侧长得比另一侧大得多。
The rare disorder, in which one side of the brain grows substantially larger than the other, occurs when neurons in the abnormal hemisphere undergo too many cell divisions before they mature.
你每在英语课上学一个新单词，每解决一个数学问题，每学会唱一首新歌，你大脑中的神经元网络就会生长，大脑就会发生变化。
For every new word you learn in your English lesson, every problem you solve in maths, every new song you learn to sing, a neuronal network grows in your brain and the brain changes.
从细胞学观点看，学习发生在神经元之间的连接增强的时候。
From a cellular perspective, learning takes place when the connections between nerve cells are strengthened.
蛋白质过剩导致神经元，形成比正常情况下更多的到其他神经元的连接，导致神经指示传播到太多的细胞而发生混乱。
The protein overload causes a neuron to form many more connections to other neurons than normal, creating chaos by spreading nerve instructions to too many cells.
当我们回忆过去的事情的时候，至少有一些同样的神经元重新放电，发生在我们身上的有效的事情触发了大脑中的神经元网状系统。
Effectively things that happen to us activate networks of neurons in the brain, and when we recall past events at least some of these same neurons fire again.
镜像神经元并未简单地编码观察到的行为发生的距离，它们编码的是猴子能否不通过那个中介动作完成那个行为。
The mirror neurons were not simply encoding the distance of an observed act, they were encoding whether the monkey could perform the act without an intermediate behavior.
大脑蓝斑区部位的神经元是去甲肾上腺素的主要来源之一，去甲肾上腺素是大脑中重要的免疫抑制剂，防止神经元发生炎症和应激反应。
Neurons in this part of the brain are a major source of noradrenaline, which plays an important role as an immunosuppressant in the brain, preventing inflammation and stress to neurons.
大脑最基本的形式是一簇神经元细胞，它与其他器官通过极其微弱的电脉冲信号发生联系。
In its most basic form, the brain is a cluster of nerve cells, capable of communicating with each other using tiny pulses of electricity.
在这个情景下，之前仅仅在猴子能够得到的范围内发生的行为才激活的镜像神经元，完全停止了反应。
In this situation, the mirror neurons that responded before only to the observation of an action within the monkey's reach completely stopped firing.
在一次研究中，研究人员发现神经元在回忆时的活跃度如同当事件发生时他们的活跃度一样【来源：凯瑞】。
In one study, researchers found that the neurons activated in the recall of a memory are likely the ones that fired when the event originally occurred [source: Carey].
正如实验发生的那样，当有颜色的目标逐个呈现时，多巴胺神经元对有信息的反应比对随机的目标的更强。
As it happens, when colored targets were presented individually, the dopamine neurons responded more strongly to the informative target than the random target.
而之前在猴子够得到的范围外发生的行为才能激活的镜像神经元却剧烈地出现反应，无论实验者在哪里抓取物体。
And the mirror neurons that responded only to the observation of an action outside of the monkey's reach now fired vigorously, no matter where the experimenter grasped the object.
身体锻炼还能促进神经元的再生，这可以帮助人们提高大脑的认知能力，增强记忆力，减少神经性疾病的发生。
Physical exercise, through the revitalization of neurons, helps to the increase of cognitive and brain functions, boosts memory and reduces the chances for neuro-degenerative diseases.
你必须可以熟练操控特定的神经元，以特定的方式操控触突——但那是真的非常苦难并且在以后的所有时间里都不可能发生的。
"You have to have a way to manipulate specific neurons and synapses in specific ways — and that's really difficult and not going to happen anytime soon," says Gallant.
他说：“胶质细胞增生发生在大脑中就相当于身体伤口的自动愈合，这种情况通常发生在出现神经元的损伤时，例如中风和多发性硬化症等等。”
He said: 'Gliosis is thought to be the brain equivalent of wound healing and is typically seen in conditions of neuronal injury, such as stroke and multiple sclerosis.
1992年，大约是冰淇淋蛋筒事件发生后的一年，Rizzolatti在一份鲜有名声的神经科学期刊上发表了一份短报告，描述了他对镜像神经元的发现。
In 1992, almost a year after the ice cream cone incident, Rizzolatti published a short report in a minor neuroscience journal describing his discovery of mirror neurons.
而且新的神经元已经形成突触，并与脑部其他神经元发生联系，以及能对廋素、血糖、胰岛素水平改变产生正常的反应。
Moreover, the new neurons have already formed synapses and communicated with other neurons in the brain, as well as reacted properly to changes in levels of leptin, glucose, and insulin.
当一块肌肉发生收缩时，一个神经脉冲就传递给大脑，要求其打开另外的神经元电路和神经区。
When a muscle is contracted a nerve impulse is relayed to the brain, triggering other neuronal circuits and nervous centers.
当一个新的或者是显著的刺激发生的时候，大脑的多巴胺神经元增快了它们的代谢率，加速多巴胺的释放。
When a novel or salient stimulus occurs, the dopamine neurons in the brain increase their firing rate, boosting the release of dopamine.
ALS是由运动神经元的变性和死亡而发生的，该运动神经元可将神经冲动从脊髓传达到身体的各块肌肉。
ALS is caused by the degeneration and death of motor neurons, the nerve cells which convey nerve impulses from the spinal cord to each of the body's muscles.
但是近年来的临床和基础研究发现糖尿病患者和动物模型在视网膜特征性微血管发生改变以前已经出现了神经元的改变。
Recently clinical and preclinical study indicated that neurodegeneration happened earlier than capillary vessel changes in the retina of diabetic patients and animal model.
第二个是外周驱动大脑内同步有节律的活动，该活动在嗅球神经元与呼吸同时发生。
The second is a peripheral drive in the brain to synchronize rhythmic activity, which is the concurrent firing of neurons in the olfactory bulb with breathing.
脊髓背角神经元超兴奋性被认为是病理性疼痛发生的重要原因。
The hyperexcitability of spinal dorsal horn neurons is one of the main reasons for persistent pain.
线粒体在脑缺血神经元凋亡的发生过程中起着关键作用。
Mitochondra play a key role in the process of cerebral ischemic neuronal apoptosis.
脑缺氧后神经元线粒体损伤不单使细胞发生能量缺失和功能丧失，还可以介导凋亡调节信号，是缺氧损伤后神经元凋亡的一个中心环节。
Impairment of neuronal mitochondria following hypoxia of brain not only result in nerve cell's energy-deprivation and dysfunction, mitochondria also play key roles in apoptosis of neurons.
在实验中，研究者们直接观察到了在学习可能发生的脑区中存在会聚神经元。
In experiments the researchers directly observed the convergent neurons where learning is suspected of taking place.
研究人员指出，酒精并不是通过杀死神经元细胞导致失忆发生的。实际上，是这些产生的甾体物质影响了突触可塑性，造成了LTP和记忆形成方面的损害。
The scientists point out that alcohol isn't causing blackouts by killing neurons. Instead, the steroids interfere with synaptic plasticity to impair LTP and memory formation.
此信号通路不仅参与调节中枢神经系统的发育，而且与神经元再生、胶质瘤发生和精神发育迟缓等有关。
This signal pathway not only participates in regulating the development of the CNS, but also correlates with the neuron regeneration, development of glioma, and mental deficiency.
当它到达下丘脑，将特异性与神经元发生反应。它的存在与否或者水平低下可分别导致饱胀或饥饿感。
When it reaches the hypothalamus, it reacts with specific neurons and its presence or its low level cause the feeling of fullness or hunger, respectively.
当它到达下丘脑，将特异性与神经元发生反应。它的存在与否或者水平低下可分别导致饱胀或饥饿感。
When it reaches the hypothalamus, it reacts with specific neurons and its presence or its low level cause the feeling of fullness or hunger, respectively.
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