1979年，来自美国上层社会的1%的人口赚取的财富是占20%的底层社会人口的33.1倍。
In 1979, the top 1% of the US population earned, on average, 33.1 times as much as the lowest 20%.
人口的快速增长会以各种方式影响社会。
Rapid population growth affects the society in various ways.
根据最近发表的一项关于人口的研究，如果老年人要对社会作出贡献而不是成为经济负担，就必须给他们更多学习机会。
Older people must be given more chances to learn if they are to contribute to society rather than be a financial burden, according to a new study on population published recently.
在最近的一次研讨会上，许多与会者担心人口过剩可能会引起许多社会保障问题。
At a recent seminar, many participants were worried about the fact that overpopulation may give rise to many social security problems.
无法更新迭代其人口的社会阻碍了投资和创新。
Societies that cannot replace their populations discourage investment and innovation.
北欧的中世纪农业为主要的农村社会提供了食物、衣服和庇护，人口密度比今天低得多。
Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today.
完全发达成熟的后工业社会，如欧洲的社会，其特点是人口稳定或下降，而老龄化却在增加。
Fully developed, mature, post industrial societies, such as those in Europe, are characterised by stable or declining populations which are increasing in age.
这是一座移民城市——该市如今38%的人口为外来人口——移民以及他们的子代在美国经历了显著的向社会上层流动。
This is a city of immigrants 38 percent of the city's population today is foreign-born and immigrants and their children have historically experienced significant upward mobility in America.
为了做出更准确的人口预测，人口统计学家必须比现在更多地了解生育率的社会和经济决定因素。
To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.
由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易）造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
来自经济学和人口学的模型成为检验社会保障财政基础的最权威工具。
Models from economics and demography become the definitive tools for examining the financial base of social security.
在他生命的头几十年里，他遇到了一些重大的社会事件，并且快速增长的人口使食物供应无法一直维持。
The first few decades of his life were met with major social events, and a rapidly growing population that made food supply not last all the time.
人口平衡的健康状况有助于社会团结和稳定。
Balanced health status within a population contributes to social cohesion and stability.
但对大多数国家来说，最关紧要的人口问题无非为两种：国家是否有足够的人口来支撑老化的社会？
But for most countries, the population questions that matter most are either: do we have enough people to support an ageing society?
据章典介绍，他们发现这样的“推测”是准确的。研究显示，气候对社会的影响“不仅涉及到战争和人口的增减，而是涉及到整个社会的各个方面。”
They found that those “predictions” were correct, Zhang says, showing that climate impacts “not only war, not only population, but all of society.”
在世界上经研究的社区中，几乎有一半的人口正在社会经济的阶梯上向上或向下移动，往往是同样的人在不同的时间内上行而后又下跌。
In the studied communities in the world, close to half the population is moving up or down the socioeconomic ladder, often with the same people rising and then falling at different times.
开展该调查的“皮尤社会与人口趋势项目”的理查德•莫林说：“无论青年、中年还是老年人，每个人都希望有空余时间去做自己想做的事情。”
"Everyone wants free time to do the things they want to do, young, middle-aged or old," said Richard Morin, of the Pew Social &Demographic Trends Project, which conducted the survey.
许多人口众多的社会都走向了毁灭。
这些国家正在追赶上来，但它们大多数都没有经济手段来应对由这种深刻的人口变化所带来的社会和经济挑战。
These countries are catching up, but largely without the economic means to cope with the social and economic challenges posed by such a profound demographic shift.
这差不多就是大多数人眼中的非洲：一个家庭成员众多，生育率居高不下的地方，一片有着高压社会，年轻人口大大超过老年人口的大陆。
To most people, this is the familiar Africa, a place of large families and high fertility, a continent in which societies are under extreme stress and where the young massively outnumber the old.
当我们进入现代社会，社会机制对人口的宏观影响，至少在某些方面可能会随着时间的推移，会越来越成为有效的因素。
The gradual increase in time delays for NH population declines as we moved into the modern era may reflect that at least some social mechanisms may becoming more effective over time at the macroscale.
调查发现，公众对社会冲突的看法存在一些明显的人口统计学模式。
The survey found some notable demographic patterns in the public's perceptions of social conflicts.
俄罗斯正尽力解决无数的导致人口预期寿命低于60岁的健康和社会问题。
And Russia is grappling with myriad health and social problems that have reduced the average life expectancy for men to 60.
弗格森说，“用人口统计学的术语来讲就是，西方社会长期代表着全世界的小众人口，但是当今社会，这种小众化趋势明显逐渐减小。
“In demographic terms, ” Mr. Ferguson says, “the population of Western societies has long represented a minority of the world’s inhabitants, but today it is clearly a dwindling one.
危机凸显了各国保护核心支出，加强对贫困人口的社会保障，改善服务提供和走上绿色增长道路的必要性。
The crisis highlighted the need for countries to protect core spending, strengthen safety nets for the poor, improve service delivery and move toward a greener growth path.
危机凸显了各国保护核心支出，加强对贫困人口的社会保障，改善服务提供和走上绿色增长道路的必要性。
The crisis highlighted the need for countries to protect core spending, strengthen safety nets for the poor, improve service delivery and move toward a greener growth path.
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