这些理论都为礼貌现象及礼貌策略的研究奠定了理论基础。
All these theories lay the foundations for the research on politeness and politeness strategies.
这些功能可以被认为是实现了积极礼貌策略或消极礼貌策略。
All these pragmatic functions conveyed by tag questions could be explained as either negative or positive politeness strategies.
此外，从心理学或社会学角度来说，该体裁有独特的礼貌策略。
Furthermore, in terms of psychology or sociology, this genre has its unique politeness strategies.
商业信函的特点和功能决定了商业信函中必须注重礼貌策略的表现。
Commercial communications features and functionality decide the commercial letter strategy must focus on the performance of courtesy.
礼貌；正面礼貌策略；负面礼貌策略；性别差异；汉文化；
Politeness; Positive Politeness Strategies; Negative Politeness Strategies; Gender Variation; Chinese Culture;
模糊言语具有广泛的语用功能，不但是一种交际手段，更是一种礼貌策略。
Both as a communicative means and a politeness strategy, hedging bears tremendous pragmatic significance in communication.
负面礼貌策略包括：把对受邀者的强加降到最低，提供选择，使用尊敬语。
The strategies of negative politeness include: minimizing the imposition, giving options, and using honorifics.
在中西两种文化当中存在着“面子观念”上的差异，从而导致使用礼貌策略上的不同选择。
There are differences in the concept of "face" between Chinese and Western cultures which lead to the different choices of politeness strategies.
消极礼貌策略旨在表示尊敬以避免冒犯，其中包括：询问、说话留余地、用提议的方式表示反对。
Negative politeness strategies are intended to avoid giving offense by showing deference. These strategies include questioning, hedging, and presenting disagreements as opinions.
本文侧重分析在不同类型商务信函中如何使用礼貌策略以在实现礼貌的同时完成写信人的交际意图。
The focus of this dissertation is on how to realize politeness with various politeness strategies in business correspondence and at the same time to fulfill the writer's communicative goal.
因为一旦说话人一方的面子由于对方的礼貌策略运用失误而遭到伤害，那么就不可避免地会造成交际的失败。
If an interlocutor's face is damaged by the other one's improper strategies, there would be a breakdown in communication.
本文通过对一虎一席谈中的礼貌现象研究，旨在发现主要的礼貌策略和其语言形式如何在这一节目中进行运用。
The present thesis studies the politeness phenomenon in Tiger Talk to analyze how the main politeness strategies and linguistic means are applied in this program.
在特定语境下，附加疑问句作为礼貌策略的一种实现形式，减轻面子威胁行为并且照顾到听话人的积极或消极面子。
In specific contexts, tag questions act as the realization of politeness strategies to mitigate face-threatening ACTS and attend the hearers' positive face or negative face.
在社会语言学角度与会话分析角度下，礼貌策略指的是一种在特定社会背景下表达对他人的感受且将威胁自尊(面子)降低至最小程度的说话方式。
In sociolinguistics and conversation analysis (CA), politeness strategies are speech ACTS that express concern for others and minimize threats to self-esteem (" face ") in particular social contexts.
强调指出了进行英汉礼貌策略对比的原因。并勾勒出全文大致框架结构。第二章解释何谓“礼貌”，侧重介绍了“礼貌”与语言、文化之间的关系。
Chapter one serves as an introduction, which puts emphasis on the cause of the contrastive study of politeness strategies in English and Chinese and Outlines the structure of this thesis.
泰晤士水公司气候变迁策略经理基斯。 柯恩宽说：“谈这个可能不太礼貌，不过我们所生产的（粪便）不仅仅是废物，也是种绝佳的能源。”
“There’s no polite way of saying this but what we produce —our poo —isn’t simply waste, it’s a great source of energy, ” said Keith Colquhoun, Thames Water’s climate change strategy manager.
随着会议的开展，每个策略会议中的人都会站在他(或她)的一边，而异议则会被礼貌或不那么礼貌地拒绝。
As the team meeting unfolded, each person in the strategy session would play his or her part, and dissenting opinions would be politely, or not so politely, dismissed.
这种行为策略定义了爬虫会将哪些页面带入索引程序、以什么样的频率回到Web站点上再次对它进行检查，以及一种礼貌原则。
The behavior policies define which pages the crawler will bring down to the indexer, how often to go back to a Web site to check it again, and something called a politeness policy.
礼貌，是聪明人想出来的与愚人保持距离的一种策略。
Politeness is a strategy that smart people want to keep away from the fool.
礼貌原则关注的是如何运用交际策略维持或促进交际互动过程中的人际协调关系。
Politeness Principle focuses on how to use communicative strategies to maintain or to promote interpersonal harmony during the course of communication.
委婉表达是商务谈判中一种常见的礼貌语言语用策略。
Expressions are a frequently used pragmatic strategy of politeness language in the international business negotiation.
委婉表达是商务谈判中一种常见的礼貌语言语用策略。
Euphemistic Expressions are a frequently used pragmatic strategy of politeness language in the international business negotiation.
因为文化的不同，来自不同文化的人在交往中所采取的礼貌的方式和策略也不相同。
Since cultures vary from one another, the ways and strategies that people from different cultures adopt in getting along with each other also differ.
外交辞令有其不同于一般语言的独特之处，其显著特征就是讲究策略和礼貌。
However, different from the ordinary language, diplomatic language has its unique characteristics as a tactful and polite language.
美国维吉尼亚州的一家咖啡馆提出了一个别出心裁的策略，来说服顾客变得更加礼貌。
A cafe in Virginia has come up with an ingenious new strategy to convince customers to be more polite.
总之，英汉礼貌文化差异和礼貌语言策略的差异是客观存在的。
In a word, the differences both English and Chinese Politeness Culture and Polite Language Strategy are the objective existence.
男性和女性参与者在会话过程中使用不同的策略或是选择合适的反馈语表达他们的意见，想法，目的，态度等等进而展现他们的礼貌。
Male and female participants make use of different strategies or select suitable conversational patterns to express their opinions, ideas, purposes, and attitudes, and show their politeness.
通过对礼貌的概念及运用的研究，文章分析了如何使用英语礼貌语言中留面子的种种不同策略，分别达到积极礼貌以及消极礼貌的目的。
Through the analyses of the strategies of positive politeness, negative politeness and off-record, the author suggests that such strategies should be used tactfully according to different situations.
从语用学的礼貌及其礼貌语言策略，我们可以探索出其在商务谈判语境下的理论意义及其现实指导意义。
By resorting to the politeness strategy and its language from the pragmatic Angle, we can reveal the theoretical and realistic significance in the context of business negotiation.
从语用学的礼貌及其礼貌语言策略，我们可以探索出其在商务谈判语境下的理论意义及其现实指导意义。
By resorting to the politeness strategy and its language from the pragmatic Angle, we can reveal the theoretical and realistic significance in the context of business negotiation.
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