对上游碳资源征税是为碳排放定价的一种简单方法，尽管一些国家可能希望使用其他方法，例如碳排放交易计划。
A tax on upstream carbon sources is one easy way to put a price on carbon emissions, although some countries may wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes.
由欧洲碳排放交易计划(ets)制定的碳排放价格已然存在。
A carbon price now exists, established by the European Emissions-Trading Scheme (ETS).
今年不会推动国会通过碳排放交易计划，对碳污染进行收费；这项行动将至少推迟到2013年。
Instead of using this year to get parliament to adopt an emissions-trading scheme that would put a price on carbon pollution, action will now be delayed until 2013 at least.
她的计划是为碳排放制定一个能维持3- 5年的价格，它之后将会由交易方案来代替。
Her plan is to fix a price for carbon for three to five years, after which a trading scheme will take over.
在2013年之后，排碳上限将会逐年下调，而在欧盟“排放交易计划”中的碳价格将因此而获得支持。
That cap will be cut each year after 2013: this should help to support carbon prices in the EU's Emissions-Trading Scheme.
我们即将向国内引进排放上限和交易计划，但是上限针对能源使用量，而非碳排放量。“兰密施说。”
"We are going to introduce a domestic cap-and-trade programme, but the cap will be on energy intensity, not carbon," said Ramesh.
而且事实上英国退出排放交易计划的可能性也不大，因此，排放交易计划碳价与英国征税人所定碳价(我们的测试中，此价更高一些)两者的关系还需再斟酌。
And Britain is in fact unlikely to withdraw from the ETS, so the relationship between the ETS price for carbon and the one set by the British taxman (in our test, higher) needs some thought.
法案的名称（美国能源法案）掩盖了一个关键的事实：以2005年为基年，它计划在2020年二氧化碳减排17%，2050年减排83%，但仍旧是通过碳排放限额交易机制实现的。
The bill’s title (the “American Power Act”) obscures a crucial fact: it is still a cap-and-trade bill that seeks to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions by 17% on 2005 levels by 2020, and 83% by 2050.
欧盟严格遵循一个碳权只能用于抵消一吨碳排放，唯有如此，排放交易计划才能维持有效运作。
The European Union argues that one credit must equal one tonne of carbon dioxide for its Emissions Trading Scheme, the largest emissions market, to be effective.
法案的名称(美国能源法案)掩盖了一个关键的事实：以2005年为基年，它计划在2020年二氧化碳减排17%，2050年减排83%，但仍旧是通过碳排放限额交易机制实现的。
The bill's title (the "American Power act") obscures a crucial fact: it is still a cap-and-trade bill that seeks to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions by 17% on 2005 levels by 2020, and 83% by 2050.
这6个国家都采取“防止全球变暖策略”，策略包括碳税，排放交易计划和新能源补贴。
Its report compares the additional costs imposed on electricity producers in six countries by anti-warming strategies, including carbon taxes, emission-trading schemes and clean-energy subsidies.
其中将几乎肯定包括建立用于控制碳排放量的一个总量管制和交易监控系统，但设计这样一个系统的难度和成本决定了这项计划在今年末之前很难启动。
They will almost certainly include a cap-and-trade system to control carbon emissions, but the difficulty and costs of designing a system mean no action is likely until later in the year.
按照陆克文的“总量管制和交易”计划，澳大利亚最大的污染者将不得不从2010年开始每年从市场上通过拍卖购买碳排放许可配额。
Under Mr Rudd's cap-and-trade scheme, Australia's biggest polluters will have to start buying permits to emit carbon in a market auction each year from 2010.
最近，英国《金融时报》的一位投稿人断言：“个人碳交易计划比征收碳排放税更公平、更有效，因为它能迅速大量削减消费量。”
One contributor to the FT recently asserted that, "An individual carbon trading sct8 is more equitableeffective than carbon taxation as it reduces consumption quicklydramatically."
最近，英国《金融时报》的一位投稿人断言：“个人碳交易计划比征收碳排放税更公平、更有效，因为它能迅速大量削减消费量。”
One contributor to the FT recently asserted that, "An individual carbon trading sct8 is more equitableeffective than carbon taxation as it reduces consumption quicklydramatically."
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