无碱基位损伤可作为诱导性易错修复功能的靶损伤。
Apurinic sites are the proper substrates of the inducible error-prone repair activity.
先导链与滞后链编码序列的碱基使用频率基本一致。
There is same bases usage frequency in coding sequence between leading strand and lagging strand.
他们确定了从线粒体基因组提取的一个368碱基对片段的化学结构序列，并且把它与古代犬以及现代犬、狼和郊狼的序列进行了比较。
They sequenced a 368 base pair fragment from the mitochrondrial genome and then compared it to sequences from ancient dogs, as well as to sequences from modern dogs, wolves, and coyotes.
科学家们一直试图弄明白一大堆碱基对是如何构造出人脑这个在已知的宇宙中最复杂的机器的。这个图将为此提供宝贵的资源。
It promises to be an invaluable resource for scientists trying to figure out how a text of base pairs constructs the most complicated machine in the known universe.
所有位点都包含称为短串联重复序列的遗传结点，在结点里一个碱基对模式一遍遍重复出现。
All of these regions contain genetic stutters called short tandem repeats, in which a pattern of base pairs repeats itself over and over.
另外有些基因，特别是由许多相同的碱基对短片段不断重复而所组成的基因，是很难很好地测序的。
And some parts, particularly those where the same short pattern of base pairs is repeated over and over again, remain difficult to sequence well.
取而代之一种叫做“核酸外切酶”的酶类被附着在AHL的顶部，它从DNA链上劈开各个碱基对，然后把它们填进孔道内，以供一个一个地识别。
Instead an enzyme, called an exonuclease, is attached to the top of the AHL. It cleaves individual base pairs from the DNA strand and feeds them through the pore to be detected one at a time.
“我们有大约1019个碱基对需要分析，而我们甚至都没来得及弄懂一些皮毛，”他说。
“We’ve got about 1019 base pairs to read before we’ve even scratched the surface, ” he says.
众所周知，这个由G碱基和A碱基组成的基因能够影响脑化学，并且研究人员认为它可能以影响人们慷慨行为的方式影响了吝啬行为。
The gene, which comes in ‘G’ and ‘A’ versions, is known to influence brain chemistry and the researchers believed it may do so in a way that affects how generous – or not – we are towards others.
所有活细胞的基因信息都储存在由四种碱基，即腺嘌呤(A)、鸟嘌呤(G)、胞嘧啶(C)、胸腺嘧啶(T)构成的DNA里。
The genetic information of all living cells is stored in the DNA composed of the four canonical bases adenine (a), cytosine (c), guanine (g) and thymine (t).
而且现有的测序技术要把DNA破碎成少于100个碱基对的小片段。
Moreover, existing sequencing techniques involve breaking DNA into small chunks of less than 100 base pairs.
腺嘌呤指分子的一部分，即含氮碱基。
Adenine refers to a portion of the molecule, the nitrogenous base.
但是如果用纳米孔，实质上就不需要化学与处理和“放大”，取而代之的是，可以一次一个碱基对地读出单条dna链，也不用标记。
With nanopores, however, virtually no chemical pre-processing is required and no amplification. Instead a single strand of DNA can be read, one base pair at a time, and without the need for labelling.
众所周知，这个由G碱基和A碱基组成的基因能够影响脑化学，并且研究人员认为它可能以影响人们慷慨行为的方式影响了吝啬行为。
The gene, which comes in 'g' and 'a' versions, is known to influence brain chemistry and the researchers believed it may do so in a way that affects how generous - or not - we are towards others.
它们看起来仅仅是组成你遗传密码的那些碱基的极小一部分。
They only look at a tiny fraction of the bits and bobs and bases that make up your genetic code.
这会比核酸外切酶测序更快，也会更加精确：因为碱基彼此间仍然相连，不会以错误的顺序通过纳米孔。
It would also be more accurate: because the bases are still attached to one another, there is no chance that they will pass through the nanopore in the wrong order.
重复出现的次数因人而异，有血缘关系的两人在这些结点上拥有相同碱基对重复次数的可能性很高。
The number of repeats varies from person to person, and two people who are related are likely to have the same number of repeats at more of these sites.
研究人员发现，极化率大小明显由DNA链的长度决定——80个碱基对长度的DNA链产生了60%的极化率，而25个碱基对长度所致的极化率只达到10%。
The researchers found that the polarization was a strong function of the length of the DNA strands – with 80 base-pair-long strands giving 60% polarization but 25 base pairs only yielding about 10%.
大多数研究人员都集中在DNA碱基对(AT和CG)的单一变化引起的致命的疾病，如囊性纤维化。
Most researchers have focused on single changes in DNA base pairs (at and CG) that cause fatal diseases, such as cystic fibrosis.
为了在总体上了解RNA干扰和RNA，研究人员开始分离并研究只有21到30个碱基长的RNA。
To understand RNAi and RNA in general, researchers began isolating and studying RNA molecules just 21 to 30 bases long.
DNA和RNA都是由核苷酸构成，每一单元为由三部分组成的分子，一端是磷酸盐，中部是一种糖，另一端是碱基。
DNA and RNA are made of nucleotides. Each unit is a three-part molecule with a phosphate at one end, a sugar in the middle and a variable nucleobase at the other end.
吝啬基因由G碱基和A碱基组成，众所周知能够影响脑化学。
The 'mean' gene, which comes in 'g' and 'a' versions, is known to influence brain chemistry.
仅仅一条DNA链就可以被识读出来，一次一个碱基对，不需要带上标识。
Instead a single strand of DNA can be read, one base pair at a time, and without the need for labelling.
但更有趣的是，研究人员发现了三个碱基相关的分子：嘌呤，2,6 -，6,8 – 二 氨基嘌呤。
But more interestingly, the researchers found three nucleobase-related molecules: purine, 2, 6-diaminopurine, and 6, 8-diaminopurine.
目前为止的示例都假定DNA碱基对之间不匹配的扣分应该相等 —例如，认为G 变异为A与变异为C 的可能性相当。
The examples so far have naively assumed that the penalty for a mismatch between DNA bases should be equal — for example, that a G is as likely to mutate into an A as a C.
正是这些碱基序列构成密码并被细胞翻译成一个新的蛋白。
It is the sequence of these bases that forms the code which is translated by cellular machinery to create a new protein.
对DNA来说，这些单位是C、T、A和G碱基，对蛋白质来说这些单位是20个不同的氨基酸。
For DNA, these units are the c, t, a and G bases, and for proteins the units are 20 different amino acids.
通过转动电场的极性，DNA链会渐进式地前进，一次一对碱基对。
By flipping this field's polarity the DNA strand can be ratcheted along, one base pair at a time.
其中一个方法是测量不同DNA碱基的电性质，如电容和导电性。
One way to do it would be to measure the electrical properties of the different DNA bases such as capacitance and conductivity.
其中一个方法是测量不同DNA碱基的电性质，如电容和导电性。
One way to do it would be to measure the electrical properties of the different DNA bases such as capacitance and conductivity.
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