纵向约束是现代产业组织理论的前沿研究课题之一，具有广泛的实际应用前景。
Vertical restraints has been one of the focus field in modern theory of industrial organization.
关联规则挖掘作为数据挖掘领域的一个重要研究课题，它在许多实际应用中都发挥着重要作用。
Association Rules mining, as an important research subject of data mining field, which plays an important role in many practical applications.
波面整形器是现代光子技术中具有重要科学意义和实际应用的研究课题。
The wavefront shaper is a research project with important scientific significance and practical applications in the modern photon techniques.
可拓学是新近出现的一种前沿研究课题，将可拓学中的物元理论应用到入侵检测技术中，具有一定的理论意义和实际价值。
Extenics is a newly researched theme, it has some theory significance and practical value that putting the matter element of extension theory into intrusion detection technologies.
因此，如何建立高质量的用户兴趣模型，并将其应用于查询结果的优化，是一项具有实际应用价值的研究课题。
Therefore, how to establish high quality user interest model, and use it to optimize the query results is a research subject with practical application value.
因此，如何建立高质量的用户兴趣模型，并将其应用于查询结果的优化，是一项具有实际应用价值的研究课题。
Therefore, how to establish high quality user interest model, and use it to optimize the query results is a research subject with practical application value.
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