探讨了土石方开挖的主要技术问题，并提出作者的见解。
The main problems of the earth and rock excavation is discussed and the writer's opinions put forward.
在水利水电工程石方开挖施工中，常遇到施工用风优化配置问题。
In exploding rock of hydraulic engineering construction, there is often a problem on optimizing disposition of wind-force for construction.
①石方开挖根据岩石类别、风化程度和节理发育程度，确定开挖方法。
Stonework excavation is based on stone type, weathering degree and joint develop degree.
根据石方开挖施工经验，计划采用潜孔钻机布孔进行深孔控制爆破技术施工。
According to experience of stonework excavation, we plan to adopt a in-the-hole drill to have deep hole controlled blasting technology.
结合百龙滩水电站下闸首基础石方开挖工程，详细介绍了该技术的爆破参数计算。
The blasting parameter calculation of the technology is analyzed with the discussion on the rock excavation of the first foundation in next floodgate of Bailongtan hydroelectric power station.
着重说明海水泵房临海的大围堰工程是厂区土石方开挖和厂房施工的先决条件之一。
The fact that the project of big cofferdam facing the ocean for the pump room is one of prerequisites for the site earthwork and the building constructions was significanthy shown in the paper.
阐述了水平深孔爆破在城区石方开挖中的应用，并初步探讨了水平孔爆破的破岩机理。
The paper elaborated the application of level deep-hole blasting for excavation project in city.
石方开挖施工要点：采用潜孔钻机配以凿岩机钻眼，松动控制爆破和边坡成型光面爆破。
Elements of stonework excavation: Use down-hole drill assisted with hammer drill drilling. Control blasting loosely and side slope molding smoothing wall blasting.
秦山三期重水堆工程厂区土石方开挖为两座与秦山相连的山体，华湘公司承担该项工程任务。
The earth and rock excavation of the plant area of the 3rd heavy water reactor project of Qinshan nuclear power plant was of two hill-bodies linked up with Qinshan hill and Huaxiang Co.
主要用于道路建设、土石方开挖及露天开采，水利工程爆破孔、预烈孔的凿岩工序，是理想的高效穿凿设备。
Mainly used in roadway construction, excavation rock and soil volume, opencast working, blom up holes of explosion & pre-intensity, for water conservancy projects.
程高山八次硐室爆破的成功实施为城镇地区大量土石方的爆破开挖提供了有益的经验。
The successful eight times blasting carried out in Chenggaoshan mountain chamber provides helpful experience for digging of large amount of soil and rock by blasting in town region.
水利水电工程施工过程中常常需要获得一些小范围的DTM数据，用于地形测绘、开挖形态监测及工程土石方量计算等。
In construction of hydroelectric project, small range DTM data are often needed for topographic surveying, mapping, excavated form detection, earthwork calculation and so on.
在路堑开挖石方施工中，采用挤压爆破技术及强行拉槽双向挤压爆破技术控制爆破飞石，爆破块度及震动。
This paper discusses the control of flying rocks, lump size and vibration of extruding blasting in cutting excavation.
在管道施工建设中，对石方段的管沟开挖一直采用传统的爆破成沟的施工方法，而履带式岩石开沟机在管道敷设的实际应用中可以发挥重要作用。
In pipeline construction, traditional explosive trenching method has been applied in stonework section. Caterpillar rock trencher will play an important role in practical pipeline laying process.
机械不能直接开挖的石方采用爆破法开挖。
The stone that cannot be dug directly can use blasting operation.
工人们开挖一条壕沟，在沟内砌好隧道的衬砌，然后用土覆盖，或用最初挖出的土石方回填。
Workers excavate a trench, inside of which the lining for the tunnel is built. It is then covered over with the earth or other fill that was originally removed.
通过对土石方调配系统组成、调配关系的系统分析，在考虑开挖、填筑、借土区、弃土区、废料调配的前提下，以系统费用最低为目标，建立了道路工程土石方优化调配线性规划模型。
Linear optimization is often used in the calculation of earth adaptation, the calculation is a huge operation by human if there are many excavation areas and placement areas in it.
通过对土石方调配系统组成、调配关系的系统分析，在考虑开挖、填筑、借土区、弃土区、废料调配的前提下，以系统费用最低为目标，建立了道路工程土石方优化调配线性规划模型。
Linear optimization is often used in the calculation of earth adaptation, the calculation is a huge operation by human if there are many excavation areas and placement areas in it.
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