然而，曹发现石墨烯有时会发生变化。
曹的论文是关于石墨烯的——世界上最薄却最坚硬的物质。
Cao's papers are about graphene (石墨烯), the thinnest and strongest in the world.
石墨烯是一种只有单原子厚度的碳原子平面层——碳原子按蜂窝状晶格排列。
Graphene is a flat sheet of carbon just one atom thick—with the carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice.
在美国化学协会杂志刚发表的一篇论文《纳米》表示加入少许石墨烯也许就能解决这个问题。
A paper just published in the American Chemical Society's journal, Nano suggests a sprinkling of graphene may deal with this problem.
石墨烯最早在2004年诞生于一个实验室，本质上是一层由纯碳原子组成的蜂窝状晶格层，薄到竟被认为是二维物质。
First produced in a lab back in 2004, graphene is essentially a single layer of pure carbon atoms bonded together in a honeycomb lattice so thin it's actually considered two-dimensional.
铅笔芯里的石墨就是由多层石墨烯组成的。
Layers of graphene make up the graphite found in pencil lead.
研究者使用普通胶布从石墨中提取石墨烯。
The researchers extracted graphene from graphite using ordinary adhesive tape.
一毫米厚的碳层里大约有三百万个石墨烯。
There are around three million sheets of graphene in a millimetre-thick layer of graphite.
除了刚度，石墨烯更著名的是其有可能替代硅。
Apart from stiffness, graphene is possibly better known as a potential silicon replacement.
他们用胶带从一块石墨上分离出石墨烯。
they peeled it off the surface of a piece of graphite using sticky tape.
给石墨烯引入带隙的方法之一是制作极窄的石墨烯带。
One way of introducing a bandgap into graphene is to make extremely narrow ribbons of the material.
石墨烯是一种超强度的单层碳——只有一层原子那么厚。
Graphene is a super strong sheet of carbon that's only one-atom thick.
石墨烯由排列成格子状的碳原子组成，看起来像铁丝网。
Graphene consists of carbon atoms held together in a lattice like chicken wire.
石墨烯可能成为纳米级的“电子电路试验板”，希恩说。
Graphene could be a sort of nanoscale "electronic breadboard", says Sheehan.
这两个结果是采用石墨烯进行DNA测序研究的重大进展。
Both of these are important advancements towards using graphene for DNA sequencing, "he says."
然而，与半导体硅不同，石墨烯的价带和导带之间没有带隙。
However, unlike the semiconductor silicon, graphene has no gap between its valence and conduction bands.
实际上，石墨烯甚至可能作为未来电学材料的候选人取代硅。
Indeed, graphene might even replace silicon as the electronic material of choice in the future.
该技术是十分精确，石墨烯氧化物样本的其余部分仍然绝缘。
The technique is precise, which means that the rest of the graphene oxide sample remains insulating.
IBM研究员近日在一个单晶片上成功制成世界首个石墨烯电路。
IBM researchers have made the first graphene circuit in which all of the circuit elements are integrated on a compact single chip.
就像是石墨烯给人们带来的惊奇一般，人们也在热议这两位研究者。
As amazing as graphene is, a lot of people are talking about the researchers themselves.
这个万全之策就是利用石墨烯的导电性能，在混合过程中联通电流。
Their solution was to take advantage of graphene’s electrical conductivity, by running a current through the mixture.
实验结果显示石墨烯具有弹性，如同钢一样坚韧，几乎是完全透明。
Tests showed the graphene layers were stretchy, as strong as steel and almost completely transparent.
它问世不到十年，研究者就发现石墨烯有极其良好的导热和导电性能。
Since its discovery less than a decade ago, researchers have learned that graphene conducts heat and electricity extremely well.
研究人员目前正在扩展他们的工作，将单层石墨烯迁移到硅晶圆片上。
The researchers are now extending their work to single graphene sheets that have been transferred onto silicon wafers.
通过这些信息他们可以计算出加入石墨烯后高分子复合材料的刚度改进。
From this information they calculated the improvement in stiffness the graphene gave to the polymer composite.
将石墨粘在一些胶带上，然后撕下胶带——石墨烯的发现就是这么简单。
The discovery of graphene came from simply sticking graphite to some adhesive tape, and peeling it off.
由于这些特性，许多研究者认为，石墨烯可取代硅作为未来的电子材料。
Because of these properties, many researchers believe that graphene could replace silicon as the electronic material of the future.
“我们也同时研究更复杂的石墨烯电路，制作更复杂的器件。”林表示。
"We are also developing more complex graphene circuits for even more sophisticated devices," says Lin.
这标志着石墨烯器件在无线通讯和功率放大应用领域走出了重要的一步。
The new circuit is another important step forward for graphene-based electronics and potential applications include wireless communications and amplifiers.
这标志着石墨烯器件在无线通讯和功率放大应用领域走出了重要的一步。
The new circuit is another important step forward for graphene-based electronics and potential applications include wireless communications and amplifiers.
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