皮肤外科医生JoaquimMesquitaFilho博士认为，巴西的黑色素瘤发病率被低估了，因为该国不要求强制报告。
Dermatologic surgeon Dr Joaquim Mesquita Filho believes that the incidence of melanoma in Brazil is underestimated because it does not require compulsory notification.
整形外科医生可以除去最表层的皮肤。
外科医生使用来源于尸体皮肤的材料构建一个支架。
The surgeons use material made from cadaver skin to create a tough scaffold.
接着，外科医生在皮肤上作一系列的小开口。
外科医生用活检针在病变椎体表面皮肤进行穿刺。
The surgeon punctures the skin over the affected vertebra with a biopsy needle.
通常，外科医生在皮肤上作两个小口，通过一个切口放入关节镜，这是装有小摄像头的细管，可以在显示屏上展现动态图像。
The surgeon typicallys two small openings in your skin. An arthroscope is placed through one opening. This device is a camera attached to a thin tube. It shows live images on a monitor.
整形外科医生可以除去皮肤的表层。
外科医生通常会在四到六个月后，肿物消失、皮肤愈合时重新填补颅骨。
Surgeons usually reattach the piece of bone four to six months later, once the swelling has subsided and the skin has healed.
外科医生用创可贴包扎皮肤穿刺伤口。
为获取数据，超过12，000项调查被送至整形外科医生、皮肤科医生和耳鼻喉科专家。
To obtain the data, more than 12,000 surveys were sent to plastic surgeons, dermatologists, and otolaryngologists.
外科医生使用一种特殊的铅笔在病人的皮肤上勾勒出手术区域。包装厂使用另外一种类型的铅笔在牛肉的侧面写上识别号码。
Surgeons use a special pencil for outlining the operation area on the patients skin, and packing-plants use another type to write identification on sides of beef.
一名外科医生将信号发生器植入在左腋窝的皮肤下，其与植入在胸骨左边的富有弹性的杆相连接。
A surgeon implants the pulse generator under the skin below the left armpit and connects it to a flexible rod placed under the skin just to the left of the breastbone.
一名外科医生将信号发生器植入在左腋窝的皮肤下，其与植入在胸骨左边的富有弹性的杆相连接。
A surgeon implants the pulse generator under the skin below the left armpit and connects it to a flexible rod placed under the skin just to the left of the breastbone.
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