胖人的血液中的瘦素含量异常的高。
Obese people have been found to have an abnormally high level of leptin in their bloodstream.
这种制造瘦素的基因存在于老鼠细胞中。
The gene produced a protein called leptin that is made in fat cells.
由于这一突变，老鼠不能生产功能性瘦素。
Because of the mutation, the mice could not make functional leptin.
没有瘦素小鼠简直就是又懒又肥的绒毛球。
瘦素就好像是一种天然的“食欲抑制剂”。
通常情况下，瘦素会向大脑发送你已经吃饱的信号。
Normally, the hormone leptinsignals to the brain you’ve eaten enough.
太多的生长素，和太少的瘦素已被证明导致更大的胃口。
Too much ghrelin and too little leptin have been shown to result in a larger appetite.
瘦素决定身体要储存或者消耗脂肪，困倦无力还是精神抖擞。
Leptin decides whether fat should be stored or used, resulting in lethargy or energy.
这些神经元通过激素得到信息，这些激素包括胰岛素和瘦素。
Those neurons get their message from hormones, including insulin and leptin.
该病毒还会增加新脂肪细胞的脂肪灵敏度，并降低其瘦素分泌。
The virus also increases lipid sensitivity and decreases leptin secretion of the new fat cells.
当瘦素执行功能时，老鼠食欲减退，代谢加强，导致体重减少。
When treated with leptin, their appetites decreased and metabolism increased, causing them to lose weight.
是肥胖扰乱了瘦素的作用，还是瘦素信号失常导致人们变得肥胖？
Does obesity disrupt the action of leptin, or does a malfunction in leptin signaling make people obese?
随后，科学家跟踪瘦素下降原因，找到通路的源头——大脑下丘脑部。
The scientists then traced the leptin decline to a pathway that originates in the brain's hypothalamus.
因为人类同样制造瘦素，研究者希望这一激素能减少肥胖人群的体重。
Because humans also produce leptin, researchers hoped giving the hormone to obese people would result in weight loss.
脂肪细胞为了告诉你已经吃饱了，会产生一种激素——瘦素。
Leptin is a hormone made by fat cells that tells you when you're full.
下丘脑是对瘦素起反应的最主要的大脑区域，通过传递信号来抑制食欲。
The hypothalamus is the primary brain region that responds to leptin, sending a signal that curbs appetite.
喂养瘦素的母亲所生后代，即使喂养高脂肪饮食，仍保持瘦身；
Animals born of leptin-treated mothers remain lean, despite being fed a fat-laden diet.
在这个系统中，主要的推动力是瘦素，这是脂肪细胞分泌的一种激素。
The key driver of this system is leptin, a hormone secreted by fat cells.
研究人员最初认为，瘦素能向人体发出停止进食的信号，并希望将其用作减肥药。
Researchers originally thought leptin signaled the body to stop eating and hoped that it might be harnessed as a weight-loss drug.
“我们的研究是第一次成功地通过高脂肪膳食使肥胖小鼠的瘦素敏化。”他结着说。
"Our study is the first success in sensitizing obese mice on a high-fat diet to leptin," he said.
这些患者的体重都下降了10%，被分成使用瘦素的试验组和使用安慰剂的对照组。
Their weight was reduced by 10% and they were given either replacement leptin or a placebo.
实际上，瘦素替代品“欺骗”了他们的身体，让身体忽略了曾经减肥的事实。
In effect, their bodies were tricked into overlooking the fact that it had lost weight.
近日血循环中的激素如脂联素和瘦素在活化ampk中的作用受到广泛关注。
A role for circulating hormones such as adiponectin and leptin in the activation of AMPK has received recent attention.
当研究对象摄入瘦素替代品后，这类变化就被逆转，脑部活动重新回到减肥之前的状态。
When they were given replacement leptin, those changes were reversed and brain activity returned to what it had been before they lost weight.
瘦素水平较低的个体，在用餐前对甜味刺激更敏感。而当他们用餐时，血糖水平上升更快。
However, individuals who had lower leptin levels, and thus more sweet-taste sensitivity before a meal, experienced sharper increases in blood-sugar levels when they had eaten.
通常瘦素会随着进食的减少而下降，利普认为这次是稀薄的空气导致了这种变化。
Normally, those levels fall when food intake decreases, but in this case Lippl attributes the change to the thin air.
大鼠补充瘦素的研究仍处在非常早期的阶段，尚需要进一步的研究加以重复验证。
The research in rats supplemented with leptin is in its very early stages and needs to be replicated by further studies.
这些实验证明由环境导致的大脑内BDNF增加和瘦素下降对肿瘤的缩小有着可观的有益作用。
These experiments confirmed that the environment-induced increase of BDNF in the brain and consequent decline in leptin were causatively involved in the observed beneficial effects.
研究者很快发现，除了瘦素之外，还有一整套的化学物质给大脑发送信号，引发饥饿和饱腹的感觉。
Researchers soon found that in addition to leptin, a whole host of chemicals signal the brain to trigger hunger or fullness.
研究者很快发现，除了瘦素之外，还有一整套的化学物质给大脑发送信号，引发饥饿和饱腹的感觉。
Researchers soon found that in addition to leptin, a whole host of chemicals signal the brain to trigger hunger or fullness.
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