现在，许多科学家把早期造成地球变暖的大部分原因归结于厌氧微生物——产甲烷菌——它产生了温室气体甲烷。
Many scientists now attribute much of the warming of early Earth to oxygen-intolerant microbes—methanogens—that produce the greenhouse gas methane.
有些生物存在于以甲烷为第一营养级的食物链中。甲烷是从地球内部可燃气体，通常在海底渗出。
Some creatures are part of food chains that begin with methane gas which seeps from the Earth's interior in particular places, frequently at the bottom of the sea.
地球生物只能对着那儿致密的星团和大质量气体尘埃望洋兴叹。
Earthlings can only wonder at the dense star clusters and massive gas and dust clouds that reside there.
这种情况下，加热会把生物原料变成木炭似的固体物质和生物原油，同时释放某些气体。
The heat breaks the biomass down into a charcoal-like solid and the bio-oil, giving off some gas in the process.
虽然生物乙醇生产流程中排放的温室气体量比提炼石油少得多，但是批评者仍然坚持说这样是鼓励了森林砍伐。
Although bioethanol production releases a lower volume of greenhouse gases than petrol, critics say that it has encouraged deforestation.
海洋正因温室气体的累积而趋向酸化，而河流湖泊的变暖正影响淡水鱼等生物的生存。
The oceans have become more acidic as a result of the buildup of greenhouse gases, and the warming of rivers and lakes is affecting freshwater fish and other species.
今年6月17日，一项禁止在战争中使用窒息性或有毒气体以及细菌生物攻击的国际条约，《日内瓦公约》将迎来它的80岁生日。
This year, on 17 June, the Geneva Protocol, an international treaty prohibiting the use of asphyxiating or poisonous gases and bacteriological methods of warfare, turned 80 years of age.
报告认为“扩大生物燃料的使用和生产对减少温室气体排放量所起的作用不一定像以前假设的那样。”
"Expanded use and production of biofuels will not necessarily contribute as much to reducing greenhouse gas emissions as was previously assumed," the report finds.
还有进一步的研究表明，用于种植生物燃料的肥料可能是温室气体的巨大来源。
There's also further research suggesting that fertiliser used to grow biofuels can also be a significant source of greenhouse gases.
这些温室气体大多是以甲烷的形式存在，甲烷是一种特别强力的温室气体，是由牛羊肠道里的微生物生产出来的，最终被排放到大气中。
Much of this comes in the form of methane - an especially potent greenhouse gas - produced by microbes in the guts of grazers such as cattle and sheep, and eventually belched out to the atmosphere.
这些改良的大肠杆菌发酵生物质中所含的糖类以生合成异戊二烯，并以气体形式释放出来。
The modified organism ferments sugars in the biomass to produce isoprene, in such a way that it bubbles out as a gas.
许多海洋化学和生物学模型预测，由于海洋表面变暖来应对大气中温室气体的增加，浮游植物的生产力会因此下降。
Many models of ocean chemistry and biology predict that as the ocean surface warms in response to increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases, phytoplankton productivity will decline.
虽然一些生物燃料原料(如糖)的使用可以明显降低温室气体的排放，但对于许多其他原料而言，情况并非如此。
While some biofuel feedstocks, such as sugar, can generate significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions, this is not the case for many other feedstocks.
甘蔗是唯一一种表现出可以让温室气体排放净减少的作物，因为它需要的化肥少于其他生物燃料作物。
Sugar cane was the only crop shown to have a favourable balance of greenhouse gas savings and emissions, because it requires less fertilizer than other biofuel crops.
森林聚水蓄水，稳定土壤，涵养多种生物，并对调节气候以及造成气候变化的温室气体做出重要贡献。
Forests catch and store water, stabilize soils, harbour biodiversity and make an important contribution to regulating climate and the greenhouse gases that are causing climate change.
生物燃料影响温室气体排放的最重要因素是由土地使用变化来决定的。
The largest impact of biofuels on greenhouse gas emissions is determined by land-use change.
一项最新研究表明生物炭对诸如一氧化二氮、笑气之类由农业生产造成的温室气体排放可能会产生影响，这些气体的排放对气候变化来说可不是什么好事。
And a new study shows that biochar could have an impact on agriculture's other greenhouse gas emission: nitrous oxide, or laughing gas, which is no laughing matter when it comes to climate change.
它的温室气体效应强度高出二氧化碳约270倍，是在运用化肥种植生物燃料作物过程中释放出来的。
This is about 270 times more potent thancarbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas and is released through use offertilisers to grow biofuel crops.
她继续解释道，那些随之而来的海湾微生物会“吃掉”大部分甲烷和各种其他气体。
What happens, she explained, is that naturally occurring Gulf bacteria "eat up" the vast amounts of methane and other gases.
在此之前，古生物学家普遍认为这一恢复过程需要上千万年——考虑到“大消亡”的程度，或者由于这些火山气体导致对地球环境的毒化程度。
Until now, palaeontologists have thought the recovery took tens of millions of years—a reflection either of the profundity of the Great Dying or of the toxic desert planet that the eruptions created.
人们认为，用可再生的生物能源代替化石能源能够减少温室效应气体的排放，提高能源供给的安全性。
The use of renewable biofuels in lieu of fossil fuels is said to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy security (but see Carbon emissions).
其中一个理论说，大细胞生物、很可能还有多细胞生物死后沉入海底所散发的气体导致了这个冰河期的出现。
One theory is that the glaciation was triggered by the evolution of large cells, and possibly also multicellular organisms, that sank to the seabed after dying.
其中一个理论说，大细胞生物、很可能还有多细胞生物死后沉入海底所散发的气体导致了这个冰河期的出现。
One theory is that the glaciation was triggered by the evolution of large cells, and possibly also multicellular organisms, that sank to the seabed after dying.
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