理想气体温标它有精确的定义，并能引出绝对零度的概念。
The temperature scale that turns out to be well—defined and ends up giving us the concept of an absolute zero is the ideal gas thermometer.
这些是理想气体。
所有的都是理想气体。
有点像理想气体定律，我们可以从原理上理解这点。
It's like the ideal gas law, and one could know that in principle.
顺便说一下，它很简便，因为它看起来就像理想气体，混合物中化学势的表达式。
By the way, it's convenient because it looks just like the chemical potential in a mixture of ideal gases.
当我们有一个混合物时，我们从理想气体开始讨论。
When we have a mixture, and we're going to start with ideal gases.
我们会发现，你们也会发现，理想气体的焦耳系数是零。
And we saw that, you saw that the Joule coefficient for an ideal gas was zero.
而理想气体的话两边温度将一样。
考虑一个不同的状态方程，这状态方程不像理想气体状态方程那么简单。
Let's try it with a different equation of state, that isn't quite as simple as the ideal gas case.
这意味着，我们把理想气体装在一个容器中。
What that means is, I've got my ideal gas in some container.
比如说理想气体膨胀时的，不是热力学的角度来计算它，现在从统计力学。
For instance, if you look at an expansion of an ideal gas, Not based on thermodynamics, ut based on the statistical mechanics.
理想气体定律结果，就是一个很好的近似。
The ideal gas law may turn out to be a very good approximation.
在理想气体中是与真空做参考的，什么也没有。
In an ideal gas, it's reference to vacuum, basically there's nothing there.
对理想气体就是这个。
我们只是讨论了温度下降时,理想气体的行为。
We just treated the one case of an ideal gas as the temperature is reduced.
因为这一项，和理想气体中的对应结果不同。
And that's because this is different from what it is in the ideal gas case.
这很容易想象，首先学习理想气体，但是利用到，溶液上也是一样的。
It's easier to think about it, to learn first in terms of the ideal gas, but it applies equally well to what you're more likely to use.
如果不是理想气体。
就像理想气体一样浓度，代替分压。
This looks just like the ideal gas, where the concentration replaces the partial pressure.
我们具体地指定一个卡诺循环，这是理想气体。
And now we're going to specify, we're going to do a Carnot cycle for an ideal gas.
从理想气体开始。
等于对于理想气体一巴时的,化学势加上。
That it's equal to the chemical potential RTlogp at one bar for an ideal gas plus RT log p.
如果这是一个理想气体系统，我们知道压强等于nRT除以体积。
Now, if this is an ideal gas, we know that pressure is equal to nRT over volume.
对于理想气体,我们知道u与体积无关。
我们用理想气体定律，来消去温度。
等于CvdT，du，is，Cv，dT。,因为是理想气体，所以等于w1一撇。
平衡态理想气体的平衡态。
理想气体的条件，也依然成立。
对理想气体，等温过程最简单，因为能量不变。
PROFESSOR BAWENDI: so, for an ideal gas, the isothermal is the easy one because the energy doesn't change.
现在有，现在我要用理想气体定律。
Ln and now I've got log of PI over p, and I'm just going to use the ideal gas law.
应用推荐