跃迁的玻尔条件和光电效应的爱因斯坦定律都是微扰近似的结果，在强激光引起的跃迁中不成立。
The Bohr condition for quantum transitions and the Einstein law for photo-electric effects are approximate results of perturbation. They are violated in the transitions induced by intense lasers.
对于宽波段传感器，不一定能直接由普朗克定律或者斯蒂芬玻尔兹曼定律建立温度与辐射亮度的关系。
It is not always suitable to use Planck's law or Stefan-Boltzmann's law to describe the relation between brightness temperature and radiance for a wide band sensor.
玻尔兹曼通过对热力学第二定律的微观解释最终使统计思想成为物理学思想的内容之一。
Ludwig Boltzmann let the statistical ideology enter the physics realm cpmpletely by explaining second law of thermodynamics with microcosmic point of view.
玻尔兹曼通过对热力学第二定律的微观解释最终使统计思想成为物理学思想的内容之一。
Ludwig Boltzmann let the statistical ideology enter the physics realm cpmpletely by explaining second law of thermodynamics with microcosmic point of view.
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