令人欢喜的对称是，我们的驯鹿雕刻在猛犸象牙上，而另一件雕刻品却是一头猛犸象雕刻在驯鹿鹿角上。
By happy symmetry, where our reindeer are carved on mammoth tusk, the other sculpture shows a mammoth carved on a reindeer antler.
用猛犸骨头、下颚骨和头骨建造房屋，在旧石器时代的猛犸狩猎文化中很普遍。
The use of mammoth bones, jaws, and skulls to build structures was common among the mammoth-hunting cultures of the Upper paleolithic.
研究猛犸的专家们希望能破解猛犸的基因秘密，让它们获得重生。
Experts studying them hope to find the genetic secrets of the mammoth and bring them back to life.
该帐篷由猛犸毛皮制成，很可能也用猛犸皮毛铺设了地面，而在当时，软兽皮如狐狸皮、狼皮、熊皮等则常常用于铺设床铺。
The tent was made of mammoth hides and was probably carpeted with mammoth hides, although fur hides, like fox, wolf, and bearskins, were often used for bedding.
在棚屋底部，猛犸下颚骨交叉连结——这一巧妙设计在多数猛犸狩猎遗址都能看到。
The mammoth jaws used at the base were interlocked -- a clever technique found at most of the mammoth hunter sites.
在电影《冰原历险记2》中，一对猛犸配偶显示了它们的力量：公猛犸从即将塌陷的山洞里救出了母猛犸。
In Ice Age 2, the mammoth couple showed off their power, with the male saving the female from a damaged cave.
猛犸狩猎者常常用猛犸骨骼制造完整的棚屋，并用缝成一块且下部固定的猛犸兽皮覆盖。
The mammoth hunters often built entire huts out of mammoth bones and covered them with mammoth hides stitiched together and anchored at the corners.
六个月后，另一个小组从猛犸象骨头中提取出了惊人的2.8千万个DNA碱基，表明猛犸象为约6百万年前的非洲象的分支。
Six months later, another team generated a remarkable 28 million bases of DNA from a mammoth bone and showed that mammoths split from African elephants about 6 million years ago.
2008年，这个小组从eBay网上买了猛犸象的毛发，并对猛犸象的整个基因组进行排序——首个灭绝动物的基因组。
In 2008, that same team bought mammoth hair on eBay and sequenced the entire mammoth genome-the first genome of an extinct animal.
Tchernogov附近的梅京(Mezin)发现了由猛犸骨骼组成的圆形地基，该地基为旧石器时代典型猛犸狩猎社会的棚屋提供了支撑结构。
Circular base of mammoth bones found at Mezin, near Tchernogov, that provided a supporting structure for a Paleolithic hut of a typical mammoth hunting society.
加拿大马尼托巴大学（Universityof Manitoba）的研究者凯文·坎贝尔（Kevin Campbell）教授说：“（取自猛犸象冰冻标本的DNA所再造的血液）分子，与回到过去从一只活的猛犸象身上取得的血样并无二致。”
Researcher Prof Kevin Campbell-of the University of Manitoba, Canada, said: 'The molecules are no different than going back in time and taking a blood sample from a real mammoth.'
图2：哥伦比亚猛犸和长毛猛犸的分布地域(《基因组生物学》)。
IMAGE 2: Ranges of Columbian and Wolly mammoths (Genome Biology).
为了再造猛犸象的血液，科学家采用了保存在冰冻的西伯利亚猛犸象标本骨骼中的DNA，这个冰冻标本距今有43000年。
To recreate the blood, the scientists used DNA preserved in bones from frozen Siberian specimens up to 43, 000 years old.
“由于长毛猛犸和哥伦比亚猛犸的生活区域会发生周期性的重叠，所以它们可能具有相似的生活习惯和相似的遗传标记。”Enk说。
"Since woolly and Columbian ranges periodically overlapped in time and space, it's likely that they engaged in similar behaviour and left a similar genetic signal, " Enk said.
在犹他州，曾经发现过一头猛犸象，一个猛犸象的骨架，里面有些骨头上有着划痕，是短面熊犬齿的大小，可能是它的杰作。
In Utah, there was a mammoth found, a mammoth skeleton found that had scratch marks on some of the bones that were the size and could have been done by the canines of a short faced bear.
波奈尔说，“西伯利亚猛犸真实发生了一些变化，当它们倒下大量死亡时，很快来自北美洲的猛犸成为‘替补’。”
Wave Nair said that the Siberia mammoth has had some changes really, when they drop down the massive deads, becomes the 'substitution very quickly from North America's mammoth'.
另一项有助于解释猛犸象灭绝过程的重要发现是：两个种群中的猛犸个体彼此亲缘非常接近。
Another important finding for understanding the extinction processes is that the individuals in each of the two woolly-mammoth groups were related very closely to one another.
之后，他们把猛犸血红蛋白与目前尚存的亚洲象（亚洲象是猛犸的远亲）的血红蛋白在37、25和10摄氏度进行比较。
Then they compared mammoth hemoglobin to that of their living cousins, Asian elephants, at 37, 25 and 10 degrees Celsius.
因为发掘的冰冻内脏样品表明猛犸象的众多食物中包括像桦树这样的小型树种，猛犸象数量的减少致使落叶树木增殖。
They found a spike coinciding with a drop in mammoth numbers some 15,000 years ago. To see how much less land birch would have covered, they used elephants as a proxy.
因为发掘的冰冻内脏样品表明猛犸象的众多食物中包括像桦树这样的小型树种，猛犸象数量的减少致使落叶树木增殖。
They found a spike coinciding with a drop in mammoth numbers some 15,000 years ago. To see how much less land birch would have covered, they used elephants as a proxy.
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