现代火山释放出的气体混合物类似于这种早期的大气，这表明它（地球）起源于火山喷发。
Gas mixtures emitted from present-day volcanoes resemble this early atmosphere, suggesting its origin from volcanic eruptions.
而普通的火山释放气体更多，而且混杂有地表的气体。
Normally, volcanic vents are larger and quickly mix with the surface air.
罪魁祸首是马提尼克岛培雷火山释放的火山灰。
The culprit was volcanic ash from Mount Pelée in Martinique.
大气层中水蒸气几乎都来源于蒸发作用、蒸腾作用、升华作用再加上火山释放的水蒸气。
Together, evaporation, transpiration, and sublimation, plus volcanic emissions, account for almost all the water vapor in the atmosphere.
这些探测器还让科学家们认为，在木卫二的表面之下，有一个释放出火山的热量的岩石内核。
The probes have also made the scientists think that under its surface, Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat.
洞穴的形成需要火山气体和热量的稳定释放，海拔高到足以防止每年的大量降雪在夏季融化。
The cave-making recipe calls for a steady emission of volcanic gas and heat, a heavy annual snowfall at an elevation high enough to keep it from melting during the summer.
这很有可能是由于火山爆发，因为火山爆发经常释放气体。
It's quite possible that this is due to volcanic eruptions, because volcanic eruptions often emit gases.
平流层的硫是火山喷发的自然结果，这种硫每吨比燃烧煤释放的硫能造成更强的冷却效应。
Sulphur in the stratosphere, a natural result of volcanic eruptions, provides a lot more cooling per tonne than the coal-emitted sort.
除了这些可见的物质外，类似默皮拉的火山同时会释放出二氧化硫，一种能对人类和环境产生多种影响的气体。
In addition to the visible releases, volcanoes like Mount Merapi also give off sulfur dioxide, a gas that can have a variety of effects on people and the environment.
超级火山将会包括那些会释放1000立方公里材料的火山爆发。
Such "supervolcanoes" would include eruptions that release more than 1000 cubic kilometres of material.
大规模火山活动的爆发释放出巨量的温室气体，同时也造成熔岩的横行四溢。
A surge of volcanic activity released huge volumes of greenhouse gases and caused massive floods of lava.
火山似乎在释放出巨大的火山碎屑流(一种热的气体和岩石快速移动的喷流)之前，从开始吐出2米宽度的岩石块而开始爆发。
The eruption seems to have started with the volcano spitting out lumps of rock up to 2 metres across, before releasing an enormous pyroclastic flow - a fast-moving gush of hot gas and rock.
更重要的，火山爆发会将数吨高浓度的气态硫化合物释放入大气中。
Major, explosive volcanic eruptions send tons of gaseous sulfur compounds high into the atmosphere.
相比之下，默皮拉火山喷发时只释放出其总量的1%。
Mount Merapi's eruption, by comparison, has released just 1 percent of that amount.
1991年皮纳图火山爆发时释放了超过20亿多吨的二氧化硫进入大气，致使两年左右气温下降了1度半。
The Mount Pintaubo eruption in 1991 released more than 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, causing a drop in temperature by half a degree Celsius for about two years.
来自太空的岩石和火山爆发可以释放出有毒和吸收热量的气体——一旦这些灰层稳定下来——就能够对失去对全球变暖的控制。
Space rocks and volcanoes could also unleash toxic and heat-trapping gases that—once the dust settled—enable runaway global warming.
长达一个世纪里，由于我们向大气中释放了二氧化碳和其他温室气体，当今全球变暖问题本身不经意间证实了地球工程学。但是皮纳图火山的爆发提供了当今地球工程学潜力的实例。
Modern global warming is itself evidence of inadvertent geoengineering, the result of all that carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases we've been pumping into the atmosphere for a century or so.
奥努伊火山爆发就可能属于这一类，但是一个更有把握超级火山的候选者是苏门答腊岛的多巴火山爆炸。约在70 000年以前，多巴火山在爆发时释放了2800立方公里的灼热的岩石、火山灰和尘埃。
The Oruanui eruption probably managed that, but a surer candidate is Sumatra's Toba blast, which released 2800 cubic kilometres of hot rock, ash and dust about 70,000 years ago.
注入硫颗粒的策略是这样的：研究人员通过高空的飞机或大型气球释放硫颗粒，以此试图模仿火山爆发的效果。
The sulfur strategy goes like this: Researchers release sulfur particles from high-flying aircraft or large balloons in an attempt to mimic volcanoes.
一个深海火山喷发出熔岩，研究表明来自火山灰的熔岩烘烤海洋沉积物同时会释放温室气体。
EnlargeA deep-sea volcano spews lava. Research shows lava from such eruptions end up baking ocean sediment and releasing greenhouse gases.
前一年于秘鲁爆发的埃纳普·蒂纳火山(Huaynaputina)释放出巨量的火山灰阻挡了阳光。
Ash from the huge eruption the previous year of a Peruvian volcano called Huaynaputina blocked out the sun.
印度尼西亚默拉皮火山在26号先后喷发了三次，成千上万的居民被迫火速撤离。它释放出的灼热的火山灰已导致一名三个月大的婴儿死亡。
Indonesia's Mount Merapi erupted three times on Oct. 26, 2010, causing thousands to flee and claiming the life of a three-month-old baby girl as it emitted searing clouds and volcanic ash.
火山爆发可以向大气中的平流层释放大量二氧化硫。
Large eruptions can release huge clouds of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere.
如果太多的火山热量被释放，火山口的浮冰群将会完全消失并且洞和几年前的雪一起消失。
If too much volcanic heat is discharged, the crater's ice pack will melt away entirely and the caves will vanish along with the snows of yesteryear.
象火山爆发和地震一样，间歇喷泉和温泉等都是隐匿于地表之下巨大能量的释放窗口。
Like volcanoes and earthquakes, geysers and hot springs open Windows onto the potent forces hidden beneath the skin of the planet.
象火山爆发和地震一样，间歇喷泉和温泉等都是隐匿于地表之下巨大能量的释放窗口。
Like volcanoes and earthquakes, geysers and hot springs open Windows onto the potent forces hidden beneath the skin of the planet.
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