氯离子运动所产生的渗透梯度又带动了水分子的流动。
This movement creates an osmotic gradient that allows water to flow.
另外，在剧烈太阳的照射下，海草被蒸发，盐份浓度增加，但是，硫酸聚合物可以保持渗透梯度。
When seaweed is exposed to significant evaporation, the salt concentration increases and it preserves the osmotic gradient.
低渗透储层渗流具有非达西特征和启动压力梯度，是研究低渗透储层开发过程中问题的基础。
Research on characters of non-Darcy flow and starting pressure gradient of low permeability reservoir were foundation of reservoir production.
为了研究低渗透砂岩的启动压力梯度，设计了一种非稳态渗流中测量压力的试验方法。
The threshold pressure gradient of low permeability sandstone was studied experimentally by measuring the pressure attenuation in an unsteady seepage flow.
因此，在进行低渗透油藏垂直裂缝井产能分析时，必须考虑启动压力梯度的影响。
Therefore, the impact of starting pressure gradient must be considered when analyzing the productivity of vertical fracture well in low permeability reservoir.
某低渗透油田的测试分析结果表明，该IPR方程能有效评价启动压力梯度动态变化对油井动态的影响。
The testing results of a low permeability reservoir indicate that this IPR equation can effectively evaluate the impact of starting pressure gradient on inflow performance.
考虑启动压力梯度和介质变形的影响，研究低渗透油藏中直井产量的变化规律。
With consideration of start up pressure gradient and media deformation, this paper studies vertical well production in low permeable reservoirs.
对于等离子体空间分布存在较大的密度梯度的物理问题，必须考虑二维空间特性对磁场渗透速度的影响。
Strong two dimensional effect on the field penetrating speed should be included in the fluid analysis for a plasma space distribution with high density gradient.
根据低渗透非均质油藏的特点，分析了启动压力梯度、纵向非均质性、小层厚度和平面砂体厚度展布对该类油藏开发的影响。
The influences of threshold pressure gradient, vertical heterogeneity, subzone thickness and areal sand thickness distribution on development of low-permeability heterogeneous reservoirs are analyzed.
低渗透油田由于存在启动压力梯度，开采难度很大，因此，在低渗透油田开发时必须考虑启动压力梯度的影响。
The impact of starting pressure gradient must be considered due to existence of starting pressure gradient and recovery difficulty during the development of low permeability oil reservoirs.
结果表明，油田白垩的渗透性与其所承受的应力、渗压梯度和基质吸力都有着密切的联系。
The results show that the permeability is closely related with the confined stress, hydraulic pressure and matrix suction.
介绍了岩心渗透率梯度仪的设计思路、结构原理、检测精度及应用领域。
This paper introduces the design thinking, structure, principle, testing precision and applying domain of permeability gradient meter.
应用该模型可计算出二维裂隙网络中任意交点（内结点）的水头、等效水力隙宽、渗透系数、水力梯度等参数。
With the model, many parameters can be obtained such as water head, equivalent mechanical fissure width, seepage coefficient, and hydraulic gradient etc.
针对低渗透地层垂直裂缝井的渗流过程，考虑了启动压力梯度和介质变形系数的影响，建立了三线流模型。
In view of seepage process in vertical fracture well in low permeability reservoir, considering kickoff pressure gradient and media deformation coefficient, bilinear flow model is established.
结果表明：在低渗透多孔介质中，液体渗流为非达西类型，渗流曲线特征为凹形曲线至直线，存在（拟）启动压力梯度；
The results show that: (1) a liquid flow through low permeability porous media has characteristics of non Darcy flow and there are starting pressure gradients;
粘性土团粒间孔隙水的连通状态决定于团粒接触点附近渗透结合水膜的粘滞力和外界水力梯度的渗透力之间平衡状况；
Second, the state of inter-aggregate pore water of cohesive soil is determined by(balanced) condition between damping of bound water membrane and permeability pressure of hydraulic gradient.
结果表明影响低渗气藏的主要因素有应力作用、启动压力梯度、渗透率、滑脱效应、水锁效应等。
It is indicated that the main factors affecting low permeability gas reservoir are stress action, start-up pressure gradient, permeability, slippage effect, and water blocking effect etc.
单相模型包括分泌理论、电渗理论、渗透理论和渗透持续梯度理论。
The monophasic models include secretion theory, electro osmotic theory, osmotic theory and osmotic standing gradient theories.
方法：利用自制的装置，先将猪皮经负压处理，去除起泡后的表皮，然后利用离子型去污剂的渗透压梯度作用去除真皮内的细胞成分。
Methods the pig skin was treated with negative pressure by a self-made device to remove the blistered epidermis, then dermal cells were removed by ion detergent with osmotic pressure gradient effects.
给出了极限井底流压和产量拐点的求解方法，分析了启动压力梯度、流体性质等因素对低渗透油藏油井产能的影响。
The effects of reservoir fluid property in high and low pressure and the starting pressure gradient on the percolation laws were taken into account in this model.
实验表明，低渗透油藏具有启动压力梯度，因此其渗流规律与中、高渗透油藏不同。
Experiments show that a low permeable reservoir has a starting pressure gradient, and therefore different seepage rule from that of middle and high permeable reservoirs.
基于考虑启动压力梯度和介质变形特性的单相流渗流方程，建立了适应于低渗透油藏油井的产能方程，并给出了低渗透油藏单相流ipr预测方法。
Based on the flow equation concerned on threshold pressure gradient and deforming media, this paper productivity equation and IPR forecasting method for low permeability reservoir.
且渗透率越低，启动压力梯度越大，压力传导速度越慢。
And the same time the lower permeability is the greater starting pressure gradient and the more slow speed of pressure conduction is.
结果表明，微裂缝性特低渗透油藏一维单向渗流的压力分布影响因素比较多，如启动压力梯度、变形系数、生产压差和排距等，并且这些因素均以非线性方式产生综合影响。
The single-phase porous flow plugged by mobile gels is nonlinear, the starting pressure of oil is lower than that of water, and the permeability of oil is higher than that of water.
该方法可用于考虑启动压力梯度影响的低渗透气藏气井井筒储集效应结束时间的计算。
The method can be used to calculate the the end time of effect of wellbore storage with start-up pressure gradient considered.
这种仪器在设计上，采用了由大到小的逐渐变化的水压梯度，使渗透过程更符合于田间实际情况。此外，它还能自动记录渗透的全过程。
The meter could record automatically the whole process of penetration which was fully reflected on marked scales in accordance with change of water pressure in the field.
瓦斯的渗透力取决于瓦斯压力梯度，而瓦斯膨胀压力取决于瓦斯绝对压力。
The gas permeation power would be dependent on the gas pressure gradient and the gas expansion pressure would be dependent on the gas absolute pressure.
在双对数坐标图上，用实测压力数据和理论无量纲压力曲线拟合，求出低渗透岩心的启动压力梯度。
The TPG is solved by comparison testing pressure curve with theory curves in single log coordinate system.
盐度梯度是一种技术，利用了盐和淡水之间渗透压的差异优势。
Salinity Gradient is a technology that takes advantage of the osmotic pressure differences between salt and fresh water.
从水力条件出发，研究了应力状态对土体渗透侵蚀起动及破坏水力梯度的影响。
From the hydraulic point of view, the influence of complex stress states on the initiation and development of seepage erosion is investigated.
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