这个方法大多半会使得消费价格降低，但是实际的问题一直以来都已暴露无遗了。
This approach for the most part kept consumer prices down, but practical problems have long been clear divest.
但实际上，在资产市场繁荣的国家，资产价格上升时消费品价格通常不会下跌，而是一前一后上涨。
But in reality, consumer prices in countries with booming asset markets do not usually fall while asset prices rise; both usually rise in tandem.
尽管美国和欧洲的消费者价格较高，工资增长仍然是减弱的，实际工资甚至在下降，这防止了通胀的加强。
Despite higher consumer prices in America and the euro area, wage growth has remained subdued and real wages have fallen, which has prevented inflation from becoming entrenched.
负的实际政策利率曾在一段时间内助长了房地产价格泡沫，人为地刺激了消费。
Negative real policy interest rates have helped inflate asset price bubbles, which artificially stimulate spending - for a while.
更大的问题是这么做花费的时间，消费者价格指数要滞后实际发生的一个月之后才出来，在动荡的年代这样实在是太慢了。
The larger problem, though, is the time it takes: the Consumer Price Index’s figures don’t come out until a month after the fact. In turbulent times, that’s too slow.
实际上价高资产价格的财富效应有助于提高消费。
Indeed, the wealth effects of higher asset prices will help lift spending.
代替消费者价格指数，如果我们使用劳动力成本的涨幅作为实际通胀指数，来计算实际有效汇率，那么自2005年起人民币已经升值了50%。
If we use the rise in labor costs as the DE facto inflation index - instead of the CPI - to compute the real effective exchange rate, the yuan has appreciated 50 percent already since 2005.
这并不意味着消费者不会削减这方面的支出，实际上，在许多产品类别，投资者因为各种原因似乎正在转向较低价格的产品。
That doesn't mean that consumers aren't making cutbacks. In fact, in many categories consumers seem to be gravitating towards lower-priced items for varying reasons.
中国的实际通胀率可能要比消费者价格指数(CPI)中反应的要高。
China's true inflation rate is probably higher than the consumer-price index (CPI) reports.
尽管由于石油价格大减，实际税后收入已较大增长，但消费者开销仍以3.5%的年速率缩减，与第三季度类似。
Consumer spending sank at a 3.5% annual rate, similar to its third-quarter drop, despite a big rise in real after-tax income, thanks to the huge drop in petrol prices.
实际上，对于大多数人来说，他们的工资已经减少了。食品和汽油不断上涨的价格正吞噬着稍有增加的工资，并进一步引诱美国人这方面的消费倾向。
Wages have effectively shrunk for most workers, as rising costs for food and fuel have more than absorbed meager increases in pay, further crimping Americans' spending proclivities.
一方面，相对于放弃的空闲时间而言，消费品的价格已下降了，因此实际工资的增加将激发人们工作更加努力。
On the one hand, an increase in real wages should motivate more work effort since the price of consumption goods in terms of forgone leisure has fallen.
经济学家将这种现象称为“消费者盈余”，即商品价值超出消费者实际支付价格，换句话说如果不得不的话，而希望支付的价格。
Economists call this phenomenon "consumer surplus" - the excess value of a good beyond the actual price a consumer pays; what you would have been willing to pay, in other words, if you had to.
目前的汽油价格较一年前涨了33%，失业率在上升，全球经济在放缓，所以几乎没有理由认为消费者压力实际上正在缓解。
Gasoline prices are 33% higher than a year ago, unemployment is rising and the global economy is slowing, so there is little reason to think consumer pressures are actually easing.
消费者在选择和购买时所发生的代价除了实际支付的商品价格以外，还存在选择成本。
The cost of consumers choice and purchase includes the price and choice costs.
消费者剩余，是指消费者消费一定数量的某种商品愿意支付的最高价格与这些商品的实际市场价格之间的差额。
Customer surplus is the margin between the highest price the customer wills to pay for a certain amount of goods and their real market price.
消费者剩余，是指消费者消费一定数量的某种商品愿意支付的最高价格与这些商品的实际市场价格之间的差额。
Customer surplus is the margin between the highest price the customer wills to pay for a certain amount of goods and their real market price.
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