H5N 1成为大流行病毒需要发生哪些变异？
What changes are needed for H5N1 to become a pandemic virus?
如果类似H5N1的大流行病毒出现，无人有免疫力。
No one will have immunity should an H5N1-like pandemic virus emerge.
研究也对大流行病毒株的起源机制提出了一种新的认识。
The research also gives new insights into the mechanism of the genesis of a pandemic strain.
2009大流行病毒是1998流感的变异株，性能相同。
The 2009 pandemic virus is a variant on this 1998 flu, and behaves the same way.
这提示，大流行病毒替换了先前流行的两个季节流感病毒株。
This suggests that the pandemic virus will displace the two previous seasonal flu strains, as previous pandemics have done.
但是，传播禽流感的任何活动增加了出现一种大流行病毒的可能性。
However, any activity that spreads avian influenza increases the possibility of the emergence of a pandemic virus.
无法预见发生的时间，但一旦大流行病毒出现，迅速的国际传播是肯定无疑的。
The timing cannot be predicted, but rapid international spread is certain once the pandemic virus appears.
重组可导致完全具传播可能的大流行病毒，出现爆炸性传播，突然造成病例激增。
Reassortment could result in a fully transmissible pandemic virus, announced by a sudden surge of cases with explosive spread.
但我可以有把握地告诉大家，大流行病毒将踏上各国的国门，而且这一流感不同于季节性流感。
But I can assure you: the pandemic will come to all of your countries, and this is not just the same as seasonal influenza.
去年三月在墨西哥出现的猪流感，也是混合病毒感染了猪、鸟和人类之后，产生的新流行病毒。
The swine flu pandemic that emerged in Mexico last March also resulted from the mixing of viruses that infected pigs, birds and humans to create a new pandemic strain.
我们国家已经受到了艾滋病流行病毒和其他预防疾病的深度影响。我们还有很多的工作去做。
Our country has been hit hard by the HIV epidemic and other preventable diseases and there is a lot of work to be done.
这是因为大流行病毒比预料传播更为迅速，即使对它有普遍免疫性，季节疫苗的抗体与它也没有交叉作用。
This was because the pandemic virus spread faster than would be expected if there were widespread immunity to it, and because antibodies to the seasonal vaccine do not cross-react with it.
因为这大流行病毒是新的、非临床和临床试验正在进行中以期得到免疫应答和安全性的重要信息。
Because the pandemic virus is new, both non-clinical and clinical trials are being conducted to gain essential information on immune response and safety.
这些建议均为审慎措施，可以限制许多传染病，不仅仅是2009年H1N 1流感大流行病毒的传播。
These recommendations are prudent measures which can limit the spread of many communicable diseases and not only the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus.
根据从乌克兰病人身上采集的样本做出的调查，初步检测显示2009年H1N1流感大流行病毒并没有出现显著变化。
Preliminary tests reveal no significant changes in the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus based on investigations of samples taken from patients in Ukraine.
他们使用以前大流行病毒株的蛋白组来做这些：一个蛋白组是一个机体的基因表达的所有氨基酸的全部集合。
To do this they used "proteomes" of past pandemic virus strains: a preteome is the entire collection of amino acids that is made when all the genes in an organism are expressed.
该大流行病毒已迅速成为世界各地的首要流感毒株，因此可以假定乌克兰的大多数流感病例由H1N1病毒导致。
As the pandemic virus has rapidly become the dominant influenza strain worldwide, it can be assumed that most cases of influenza in Ukraine are caused by the H1N1 virus.
乌克兰对从受影响最严重两个地区的患者身上抽取的样本进行了实验室检测，确认为h1n 1流感大流行病毒。
Laboratory testing in Ukraine has confirmed pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in samples taken from patients in two of the most affected regions.
所以事实上他们所作的是检测构成以前大流行病毒株基因表达的蛋白的成分并且寻找这些病毒株间交叉的重复模式。
So in effect what they did was scan all the building blocks of proteins that all the genes of previous pandemic strains expressed and looked for repeated patterns across the strains.
由于疫苗必须与大流行病毒相适应，因此，除非出现新的病毒，并宣布发生大流行，否则不会开始将疫苗投入大规模商业生产。
Because the vaccine needs to closely match the pandemic virus, large-scale commercial production will not start until the new virus has emerged and a pandemic has been declared.
当然，多数流感病毒毒株，包括迄今为止的2009年的大流行病毒(甲型h1n 1流感病毒，译者注)，在大多数人中只引起轻微的症状。
Of course, most flu strains, including (so far) the 2009 pandemic virus, cause only mild symptoms in the vast majority of people.
同时，荷兰公司Crucell报道，类似的抗体可以保护小鼠同时免受两种致命且大大不同的H5N1禽流感及1918流感大流行病毒的感染。
At the same time, Dutch company Crucell reported that a similar antibody protects mice from both H5N1 bird flu and the 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus - two lethal, and very different, strains.
2009年11月17日-根据从乌克兰病人身上采集的样本做出的调查，初步检测显示2009年H1N 1流感大流行病毒并没有出现显著变化。
November 2009 - Preliminary tests reveal no significant changes in the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus based on investigations of samples taken from patients in Ukraine.
自从1977年以来与H1N1族相同的季节流感作为大流行病毒一直在传播，但一直到现在为止，人们认为季节流感病毒对大流行病毒株不能产生免疫性。
A seasonal flu in the same H1N1 family as the pandemic virus has been circulating since 1977, but until now it was thought that this seasonal virus did not induce immunity to the pandemic strain.
然而，在以白杨等树为主的林分，最初的舞毒蛾爆发很快就被病毒流行病所抑制。
In stands dominated by trees such as aspen, however, incipient gypsy moth outbreaks are quickly suppressed by viral epidemics.
政府计划通过使用一种病毒来减少兔子的数量，这种病毒已经在其他地方的兔子种群中造成了毁灭性的流行病。
The government proposes to reduce the population by using a virus that has caused devastating epidemics in rabbit populations elsewhere.
如果这种病毒能够通过空气传播，或者如果一名感染者在不知情的情况下进入了人口密集的地区，那么埃博拉可能已经成为一种全球流行病。
If the virus had been capable of spreading through the air, or if one infected person had unknowingly entered a large population center, Ebola might have become a worldwide epidemic.
如果这种病毒能够通过空气传播，或者如果一名感染者在不知情的情况下进入了人口密集的地区，那么埃博拉可能已经成为一种全球流行病。
If the virus had been capable of spreading through the air, or if one infected person had unknowingly entered a large population center, Ebola might have become a worldwide epidemic.
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