城市的快速发展可能引起社会和经济问题，比如污染和交通问题。
The rapid expansion of cities can cause social and economic problems, such as pollution and traffic problems.
在福利支出方面，空气污染每年给全球经济带来的损失高于5万亿美元，而对发展中国家的损害最为严重。
Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious damage occurring in the developing world.
他的任务是周密地制定能够让市场经济适合于无污染的环境的政策。
His task was to elaborate policies that would make a market economy compatible with a clean environment.
电动车爱好者说电动车无污染，无噪音，而且经济。
Fans of electric cars say they are clean, quiet, and economical.
人们需要更多的能源支持更大的城市运转和经济增长，从而导致了水坝的建设，随之而来的生态系统的洪水，以及污染物的排放增加。
The need for more energy to power larger cities and economic growth therein leads to the construction of dams, the consequent flooding of ecosystems, and increased emissions of pollutants.
加大节能减排力度，既可以减少资源消耗和污染排放，又能够增加经济效益、带动技术进步。
Increase the energy-saving emission reduction efforts, both to reduce resource consumption and pollution emissions can also increase economic efficiency, promote technological progress.
就在我说这些的时候，一些欧洲国家出于对经济的担心开始不遵守他们以前减少污染的承诺。
Even as I speak, economic worries have prompted some European countries to begin backpedaling on their commitments to cut back on global warming pollution.
老何说因为村庄需要干净的水来灌溉农田，所以从矿场那过来污染物也让村里的经济受到破坏。
Poisons from the mines are also killing the village's economy, which depends on clean water to irrigate its crops, says Mr He.
正确的解决方式应该是防止污染并试着改变经济增长方式，如减少资源集中性产业，而非通过直接控制人口来实现增长。
The right response to that, though, would be to curb pollution and try to alter the pattern of growth to make it less resource-intensive, rather than to control population directly.
经济合作与发展组织(OECD)引证了一个发现：单是空气污染就使该国的产出一年减少了3%到7%，主要是因为呼吸性疾病使工人们呆在家中。
The OECD cites a finding that air pollution alone reduces the country's output by between 3% and 7% a year, mainly because of respiratory ailments that keep workers at home.
这个百万人口的大城市的污染和交通拥堵已经造成了很高的经济和环境代价，Walters说。
The economic and environmental costs of the megacity’s pollution and traffic congestion have been considerable, says Walters.
Nestle女士指出，在美国经济迅猛发展的19世纪末，美国自身也有同样的食品污染的问题。
That said, ms Nestle points out that America itself had the same problems with food contamination during its own anything-goes spurt of economic growth, in the late 19th century.
长期的经济抑制包括石油生产和出口的下降，人口快速增长造成的供水压力，工业膨胀和逐渐严重的水污染。
Long run economic constraints include declining oil production and exports and pressure on water supplies caused by rapid population growth, industrial expansion, and increased water pollution.
此外还有一个特别的忧虑：就算总量控制与交易体系总体上运行良好，那些经济很大程度依赖煤炭、重工业和其他污染行为的州也会遭受严重打击。
And there are particular fears that, even if the system works well enough overall, states that rely heavily on coal, heavy industry or some other sooty activity will suffer badly.
目前，环境破坏造成的经济损失约占GDP的9%，其中近90%是由于空气污染造成的。
Currently, the economic cost of environmental damage is estimated at 9% of GDP; nearly 90 percent of this cost is due to air pollution.
经济学家也青睐碳排放价格方案，尤其是通过赋税方式而非“总量管制和交易”体系，这种系统对那些想通过缴纳罚金而制造污染的人十分脆弱。
Economists prefer carbon prices, especially those set by taxes rather than cap-and-trade systems, which are more vulnerable to capture by the polluters they are supposed to penalise.
这笔费用，无论是税费还是一种可交易的污染许可系统，将会从根本上改变能源经济。
Such a charge, whether a tax or a system of tradable permits to pollute, would change energy economics radically.
中国在过去20年利用污染收费制和其他措施，在经济产出增长一倍的情况下使空气和水污染问题没有进一步恶化。
Moreover, during the past two decades, China has used pollution charges and other measures to keep both air and water pollution levels constant even as economic output has doubled.
中国在过去20年利用污染收费制和其他措施，在经济产出增长一倍的情况下使空气和水污染问题没有进一步恶化。
Moreover, during the past two decades, China has used pollution charges and other measures to keep both air and water pollution levels constant even as economic output has doubled.
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