我们能够看见明亮的物质，比如恒星，但是我们知道还有其他物质存在。
We can see the bright matter, like stars, but we know the existence of some other matter.
此外，由于宇宙膨胀，物体(比如恒星或星系)离开地球的速度，通过红移可以被算出来。
In addition, the speed at which an object such as a star or galaxy is moving away from Earth, because of the expansion of the universe, can be worked out from its red-shift.
比如说，我们怎么知道恒星真的是像太阳一样巨大的火球，而且离我们很远呢？
How do we know, for example, that the stars are really huge balls of fire like the Sun and very far away?
我们都知道，他们以对周围环境的影响而著称：比如，使周围恒星以极快的（可以折断你的脖子的）速度绕星系中心运转。
We know that they exist from the impact they have on their surroundings: causing nearby stars to orbit galactic centres at breakneck speeds, for instance.
直到最近，科学家们才相信，大部分的伽马射线是由遥远星系中剧烈的宇宙活动产生的，比如超大质量恒星的死亡。
Until quite recently, scientists believed that most gamma-rays are produced by cataclysmic events in distant galaxies, such as the death of supermassive stars.
对于更大的恒星，核心的压力大得足以使更重元素进行聚变反应，比如氧和碳元素，它们将创造更多的光子。
In larger stars, pressure at the core is high enough to fuse heavier elements such as oxygen and carbon, creating more photons.
所以如果不被压缩到很致密，这些大质量星云，比如有太阳质量100，000倍的California星云，则不一定会形成新生恒星和行星。
So, by not collapsing into denser regions, these massive nebulae, like the 100,000 solar mass California Nebula shown above, don't necessarily start making baby stars and planets.
引力透镜利用这样的一个现象：巨大的天体会扭曲它附近的时空组成物。比如，当光线经过恒星或行星附近时会发生弯曲。
Gravitational lensing takes advantage of the fact that large celestial objects such as stars or planets warp the fabric of space-time such that light rays passing nearby are bent.
这项最新研究观点使科学家们置疑是否虫洞可能存在于不同的普通恒星和中子星。比如：那些正常的恒星和中子星。
This idea led the scientists to wonder if wormholes might exist in otherwise ordinary stars and neutron stars.
另一些恒星，比如我们的太阳，可能探测到大量的锆约二十亿中有一个锆原子，但恒星LSIV-14 116中则达到每二十万中就有一个锆原子。
Other stars, like our Sun, might have trace amounts of zirconium -- maybe one atom in two billion -- but LS IV-14 116 has one zirconium atom for every 200, 000 atoms.
想象一下这样的情形：高度发达的人类社会从黑洞获得大量能源，比如从坍塌的恒星提取，或者是人造微小黑洞为宇宙飞船提供能源补给。
Imagine the scene: highly advanced civilisations get enormous amounts of energy from black holes, be it extracting it from collapsed stars or making artificial mini-holes that power spaceships.
天文学家的工作涉及到观察、分析以及研究各种各样的天文现象，比如月亮、行星、恒星、银河等天体的运动。
Astronomers % are involved in the observation, analysis and research of various astronomical phenomena, such as the movements of celestial bodies like moons, planets, stars and galaxies.
天文学是对宇宙中物体的研究，比如说行星，恒星和星系。
It is the study of the objects in the Universe such as the planets, stars and galaxies.
比如说，行星与其所围绕旋转的恒星之间的距离是否适当。
For instance, a planet has to be just the right distance from the star it revolves around.
比如，新生恒星是异常活跃的，它们不断变化的外层大气至少会导致背景噪声。
For one, nascent stars are incredibly active and their changing outer atmospheres can at the very least make for background noise.
天文学家们已经不再把小型，冰状天体，比如冥王星已被规为行星了，但无论如何，它们围绕其它恒星时是无法探测到的。
Small, icy objects such as Pluto are no longer regarded as planets, but in any case, they would be undetectable around another star.
天文学家的工作涉及到观察、分析以及研究各种各样的天文现象，比如月亮、行星、恒星、银河等天体的运动。
Astronomers are involved in the observation, analysis and research of various astronomical phenomena, such as the movements of celestial bodies like moons, planets, stars and galaxies.
天文学家的工作涉及到观察、分析以及研究各种各样的天文现象，比如月亮、行星、恒星、银河等天体的运动。
Astronomers o are involved in the observation, analysis and research of various astronomical phenomena, such as the movements of celestial bodies like moons, planets, stars and galaxies.
观测结果显示有3个恒星显示出清晰的早期恒星特征：比如具有温暖、密集的气体。
The results revealed three stars with clear signs of youth, for example, certain warm, dense gases.
观测结果显示有3个恒星显示出清晰的早期恒星特征：比如具有温暖、密集的气体。
The results revealed three stars with clear signs of youth, for example, certain warm, dense gases.
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