当脊柱的骨头、椎间盘和关节发生退变，会形成骨刺并挤入椎管或椎间孔，这被称为椎管狭窄，也会对神经根造成有害的压迫。
When bones, discs or joints of the spine degenerate, bony spurs may form and push into the spinal canal or foramen space.
MRI使用2- 4数字评分评估包括椎间盘信号强度降低，椎间盘向后突出，椎间隙狭窄，以及椎间孔狭窄。
Evaluation of MRI included decrease in signal intensity of discs, posterior disc protrusion, disc space narrowing, and foraminal stenosis using 2 to 4 numerical grades.
结论：将硅胶管从兔的椎间外孔缓慢塞入椎间管内使腰神经根慢性轻度受压，更接近于腰椎间盘突出和椎间管狭窄对神经根的压迫。
Conclusion: The chronic nerve root compressed model made in this article was more similar to what resulted from lumbar disc herniation and lumber nerve canal narrowing.
目的：探讨枢椎横突孔结构在转头引起寰枢段椎动脉狭窄或闭塞的临床解剖学意义。
Objective: To study the clinical significance of axis transverse foramen in the etiology of the vertebral artery insufficiency after cervical rotational movement.
结果经重建的图像可显示颈椎后纵韧带钙化、椎间隙椎间孔狭窄、骨质增生等，胸腰椎可显示各种骨折及骨质增生、滑脱等病理改变。
ResultsCalcification of posterior longitudinal ligament, narrow of disc space or neural foramen, varied fracture bone sclerosis and spondylolisthesis could be found with this technique.
椎间孔狭窄；
椎小关节突增生肥大及骨赘形成，突入侧方椎间孔致使侧隐窝区及中间区狭窄；
Hypertrophy of the articular process, osteophyte formation invelved stenosis in lateral recess and middle region lumbar intervertral foramen;
椎小关节突增生肥大及骨赘形成，突入侧方椎间孔致使侧隐窝区及中间区狭窄；
Hypertrophy of the articular process, osteophyte formation invelved stenosis in lateral recess and middle region lumbar intervertral foramen;
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