在我们把所有恒温关掉或考虑加入北极熊俱乐部之前，棕色脂肪真的能让体重减轻吗？
Before we all turn our thermostats down or consider joining the Polar Bear Club, can brown fat actually cause weight loss?
棕色脂肪沉积物每次都被照亮。
例如，瘦人与超重者相比有更多可检测的棕色脂肪。
For example, leaner people have more detectable brown fat than overweight people.
但即使如此，大多数妇女都只有半盎司的棕色脂肪。
But even so, most women have only about a half-ounce of brown fat.
实验结果并没有测试是否有多余的棕色脂肪保护小鼠，使小鼠远离肥胖。
The experiments did not test whether the extra brown fat actually protected the mice from becoming obese.
确定棕色脂肪的存在是一回事，但激活它让它燃烧更多葡萄糖是另一回事。
Identifying the presence of brown fat is one thing, but activating it to burn more glucose is another.
多年以来，科学家们一直在努力弄清楚如何创造更多棕色脂肪。
Scientists have been trying for years to figure out how to create more brown fat.
相比之下，棕色脂肪恰恰相反。它在进化中帮助动物抵御寒冷和预防肥胖。
Brown fat, by contrast, works in an opposite fashion; it evolved to protect animals from cold conditions and prevent obesity.
在24名志愿者中棕色脂肪扫描后显示为“热点”的有23人。
Brown fat showed up as "hot spots" in the scans of 23 out of the 24 volunteers.
所以，只需要激活相对少量的棕色脂肪，就可显著地影响整体能量代谢功能。
So you would need to activate a relatively little amount of brown fat to substantially impact overall energy metabolism.
科学家怀疑PRDM16与另一种未知的蛋白质一起作用于棕色脂肪的转变。
The scientists suspected that PRDM16 worked with another unknown protein to initiate brown fat development.
毕竟，迄今那些癌症和甲状腺功能亢进症的人有最活跃的棕色脂肪。
After all, the people who have the most active brown fat so far are those with cancer and hyperthyroidism.
解决这些问题有利于我们在利用棕色脂肪对抗肥胖的最终目的上更进一步。
Answers to these questions would take us a step closer to the ultimate goal of promoting the brown fat lineage as a potential way of counteracting obesity.
虽然现在还不清楚需要有多少棕色脂肪，才能对体重产生影响，他认为这不会需要太多。
And while it's not clear how much brown fat would be needed to have an effect on body weight, he suspects that it wouldn't take much.
它还能加速新陈代谢，将腰部多余而有害的白色脂肪转化为健康的棕色脂肪。
The drug also sped up metabolism and turned harmful white fat that wobbles around the waist into healthy brown fat.
棕色脂肪细胞里装载着线粒体，但它们中产生AT P的各种酶彼此互不耦联。
Brown fat cells are loaded with mitochondria, but in them the various enzymes that lead to the production of ATP are "uncoupled" from each other.
美国研究者认为，社交兴奋感可以把“白色脂肪”转化为“棕色脂肪”，从而有助于减肥。
US researchers say that social stimulation AIDS weight loss by converting white fat into brown.
然而，目前，激活棕色脂肪的唯一安全方式是保持寒冷，即长期处于颤抖的状态。
At the moment, however, the only safe way of activating brown fat is to stay chilly, right at the verge of shivering, for prolonged periods.
“白色脂肪”储存卡路里，使人们长胖，而“棕色脂肪”能够燃烧能量，产生热量。
White stores calories and makes us fatter, while brown burns energy to generate heat.
但是，在某些条件下，如模仿一个寒冷环境，这些母体细胞可被诱变，从而产生较多棕色脂肪。
But under certain conditions, such as those mimicking a cold environment, these progenitor cells can be induced to make more brown fat.
但在我们把所有恒温关掉或考虑加入北极熊俱乐部之前，棕色脂肪实际上真正能让体重减轻吗？
But before we all turn our thermostats down or consider joining the Polar Bear Club, can brown fat actually cause weight loss?
“基于对动物模拟的估计，50克棕色脂肪可能就足以使人的整体能源消耗增加20%，”他说。
"Based on estimates on animal models, 50 grams of brown fat might be sufficient to increase overall energy consumption in human beings by 20%," he says.
根据他的调查结果，赫齐格认为，棕色脂肪可能源自脂肪组织母细胞，默认情况下产生白色脂肪。
Based on his findings, Herzig believes that brown fat may originate from a mother cell of adipose tissue that by default tends to make white fat.
与已被更多了解的储存过剩能量的白色脂肪不同，棕色脂肪通过消耗能量而散发热量。
Unlike more recognizable white fat, which stores surplus energy, brown fat burns energy to generate heat.
其他研究和来自动物实验的推论表明棕色脂肪消耗了我们休息时燃烧的能量的五分之一。
Other studies and extrapolation from animal experiments suggest that brown fat could be responsible for as much as one-fifth of the energy we burn at rest.
但是斯堪的纳维亚、荷兰和美国的研究团队发现一种特殊的脂肪——棕色脂肪确实能让我们更苗条。
But medical research groups in Scandinavia, the Netherlands and the United States have discovered that a particular type of fat, known as brown fat, can actually help us slim down.
然而，随着人们年龄的增长，人体变得更善于调节温度，棕色脂肪沉积逐渐收缩，白色脂肪开始出现。
As people age, however, the body becomes more adept at regulating temperature, so brown fat stores shrink and white fat starts to emerge.
继续研究，我们将会找到利用棕色脂肪或其积极性的方法，来治疗肥胖或肥胖相关的疾病。
Going forward, we will be looking for ways to manipulate the activity or amount of brown fat to treat obesity and obesity-related diseases.
enerback和他的小组研究5例病人后证实，用遗传学分析，在脖子上的组织确实是棕色脂肪。
Enerback and his team studied five patients and confirmed, using genetic analysis, that the cells around the neck were indeed brown fat.
enerback和他的小组研究5例病人后证实，用遗传学分析，在脖子上的组织确实是棕色脂肪。
Enerback and his team studied five patients and confirmed, using genetic analysis, that the cells around the neck were indeed brown fat.
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