并介绍了在线误差补偿硬件系统的实现方法，以及通过样本的合理选择和系统的学习来提高补偿系统的补偿能力。
The realization method of lined error compensation hardware system and the methods of advance its compensation ability by the reasonable selection swatch and by the system study were introduced.
影响抽样误差大小有很多因素，如标志变异程度，样本单位数量的多少，抽样方式方法的选择等。
There are many factors that influence the sampling error, such as, extent of mark variation, amount of sample unit and the choice of sampling method, etc.
非观测效应，以及样本选择偏差和测量误差所引发的内生性问题对结果的影响很大，导致普通最小二乘法低估了我国的教育收益率。
The study also finds that unobserved effects, sample selection bias and measurement errors play important role on results, and OLS really underestimates yield of schooling.
讨论多阶段抽样比率估计及其样本量选择的问题，给出了比率估计抽样均方误差的近似公式及其渐近无偏估计的公式。
We give the approximation formulas of the variance of the sample ratio estimator for a population mean and its asymptotically non-biased estimator in multi-stage sampling.
讨论多阶段抽样比率估计及其样本量选择的问题，给出了比率估计抽样均方误差的近似公式及其渐近无偏估计的公式。
We give the approximation formulas of the variance of the sample ratio estimator for a population mean and its asymptotically non-biased estimator in multi-stage sampling.
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