节节麦是普通小麦D染色体组的供体种。
节节麦是六倍体普通小麦的祖先种之一，D染色体组的供体种；
Aegilops tauschii is D genome donor of common wheat, and the useful genes of Ae.
不含H染色体组的披碱草属及大麦属的物种具有较远的亲缘关系。
Species which do not contain the H genome in the two genera have rather distant phylogenetic relationships.
如果使用适当的动物做模型的话可以加速胚胎功能染色体组的研究。
Functional genomics of embryos can be accelerated if an appropriate model animal is exploited.
一粒系小麦是多倍体小麦染色体组的供体物种之一，是小麦的重要基础物种。
Einkorn wheat is the donor species of polyploidy wheat. It is one of the important basic species of Triticum.
他说，并不是几处基因突变就能导致细胞不受控制地疯长，癌细胞是因整套染色体组的瓦解之后形成的。
Rather than springing from a few genetic mutations that spur cells to grow at an uncontrolled pace, cancerous tumors grow from a disruption of entire chromosomes, he says.
有丝分裂早中期至中期两个不同时期G-带带纹总数减少36％，染色体组的绝对长度缩短25％，带数减少的幅度大于染色体长度缩短的幅度。
The total number of G-bands was reduced by 36 percent, the absolute length of chromosome complement was contracted with 25 percent when cell mitosis proceeded from prometaphase to metaphase.
四倍体是指在细胞顶部包含4组染色体的细胞。
Tetraploidy means cells containing 4 sets of chromosomes atop.
一个健康的受精卵有46个染色体(23对)，但在它能分化之前，它必须先分为23个一组，形成极体。
A healthy egg carries 46 chromosomes - 23 pairs - but before it can be fertilised it needs to ditch 23 of these, which it packages into a structure called a polar body.
染色体组包涵很多基因，太多的错误复制，损伤和遗漏会导致数以万计的基因改变。
Chromosomes contain many genes, so mis-copies, breaks and omissions lead to tens of thousands of genetic changes.
除了MHC外，6号染色体上的该区域也包含一组组蛋白基因。
In addition to the MHC, this region on chromosome 6 also contains a cluster of histone genes.
目前，研究人员正在分析这种疾病的染色体结构，并已识别出它的染色体组型。
The team is working on the disease's chromosome structure and has just identified the karyotype. (Karyotypes are pictures of cellular chromosomes that are used to check for abnormalities.)
在2002年，他就得出了一个能预测癌症演化和扩散方式的方程组，比如说染色体何时开始变得不稳定，使得癌细胞在转移中发生变异。
In 2002 he worked out equations that can predict the way cancer evolves and spreads, such as when mutations emerge in a metastasis and chromosomes become unstable.
虽然还未能准确解释这种现象发生的原因，但他们确信染色体拓扑学的理解对研究基因组来说是必不可少的。
Though unable to explain exactly why this happens, they're convinced that understanding chromosomal topography is absolutely essential to understanding the genome.
自动化dna分析在诸如染色体作图，基因组测序以及DNA、RNA与蛋白质互作这类领域的应用潜力巨大。
Automated DNA synthesis has been essential in such fields as chromosome mapping, genomic sequencing and the study of interactions between DNA, RNA and proteins.
首先，一些多余的基因片段被永久性地写入细胞染色体组。
First, they permanently inserted the extra genes into the reprogrammed cell's genome.
这种植物种群数量的“大爆炸”是在古代植物染色体组加倍时发生的。染色体组加倍给植物提供了大量具有新功能的基因，这些新基因又形成了新特性。
These "big bangs" in plant evolution occurred when the genomes of ancient plants duplicated, providing vast Numbers of new genes that could take on new functions and lead to new traits.
他们将释迦的染色体组跟拟南芥的无核突变体进行比较，后者常用于各种实验中。
They compared its genome to that of a seedless mutant of a plant called Arabidopsis that’s used in a lot of research.
但是在Y染色体上却存在30%的DNA差别，这意味着两个物种的Y染色体比其它基因组变化得更快。
But the Y chromosomes differ in 30 percent of their DNA, meaning that these chromosomes are changing far faster in both species than the rest of the genome.
随着染色体组学，纳米技术以及高速计算让制造更精密的设备变得可能，这个行业的长期前景也变得十分光明。
The long-term trends also look promising as the confluence of genomics, nanotechnology and high-speed computing make possible more elaborate devices.
这些卵细胞携带着最健康的染色体组，可以防止编译过程中的基因流失。
They pick the healthiest set of chromosomes, preventing the loss of vital variation.
对于人类来说，完整的基因组包含约两万个基因，分布在23对染色体上。
For humans, the complete genome contains about 20, 000 genes on 23 pairs of chromosomes.
坐落于诺里奇的约翰英纳斯中心的摩尔，正针对研究一组名为Ph 1染色体，该染色体的作用是确保小麦基因配对正确。
Graham Moore of the John Innes Centre in Norwich is targeting part of a chromosome called Ph1 which ensures wheat genes pair up correctly.
另外的一些人希望更多了解自己：一个团体叫DIYgenomics团结一致了分析他们的染色体组，甚至进行和参与小临床试验。
Others hope to learn more about themselves: a group called DIYgenomics has banded together to analyse their genomes, and even conduct and participate in small clinical trials.
Ph 1使小麦的基因组的稳定性增加，但是如果想要更容易配组新基因就要打乱该染色体。
Ph1 gives wheat's genome its stability but has to be switched off to make it easier to slot in new genes.
在这项新的研究中，Takumi的研究组繁育出了在第7号染色体上带有特定区域重复的小鼠，并可借此对人孤独症的相关异常进行对应模拟。
In the new study, Takumi's team generated mice with a duplication of a region on their chromosome 7, mirroring the autism-linked abnormality seen in humans.
基因、染色体与基因组的结构和功能。
这些都是染色体组型分析方法的改进。
基因组中包含了保持基因结构的每一个染色体的位置。
A genome contains information about every position along chromosomes, the structures that hold genes.
现阶段，染色体显带技术的发明为染色体组型分析铺就了一条更精确，更准确的研究道路。
In this stage, the invention of banding technique set karyotype analysis in the way to more micro and precise research.
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