染色体减数分组较多发生于多倍体细胞中。
Chromosome reductional grouping happened more frequently in polyploid cells.
从减数分裂前有丝分裂到减数分裂的各个阶段，染色体行为都会发生异常。
Abnormality of chromosome behavior occurs from premeiotic mitosis until various stages in meiosis.
几十年来，传统的理论认为X染色体与减数分裂以及男性不育无关，因为在男性减数分裂过程中X染色体被沉默掉了。
For decades, conventional wisdom stated that the X chromosome had little to do with meiosis or infertility because the X chromosome is silenced during male meiosis.
这意味着减数分裂中同源染色体不能配对，染色体间形成的交叉也会更少（例如，在减数分裂早期的重组位点）。
This means that homologous chromosomes failed to pair together during meiosis and chromosomes formed fewer crossovers, i. e. sites where they recombine, during the initial stages of meiosis.
前期阶细胞减数分裂的第一个阶段，其间染色体浓缩且能被看见，核细胞膜衰弱。
The first stage of mitosis, during which the chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the spindle apparatus forms at opposite poles of the cell.
第二，改变普遍采用的粗线期染色体制备的传统方法，尝试用酶解滴片法制备了水稻减数分裂染色体，获得了成功。
Second, it is successful to try applying the dripping method of suspended cells obtained by enzyme treatment instead of traditional method for pachytene chromosomes preparation.
刊登在3月份的“基因与发育”（Genes& Development）期刊上的一篇文章同样报道了首次发现的位于X染色体上的与减数分裂相关的因子。
The study, published in the March issue of Genes & Development, also reports the first meiosis-specific factor ever found on the X chromosome.
减数分裂过程中染色体行为异常的花粉母细胞约占10.28%；雄配子体发育过程中异常频率约为3.2%，败育主要发生在单核期。
In meiosis, the pollen mother cells that abnormally acted made up about 10.28% and the male gametophytes abnormally acted at a frequency of 3.2% and mainly aborted at uninucleate stage.
特别地，研究人员发现TEX11可以在减数分裂的染色体上形成分离中心（discrete foci），这似乎是一种新的减数分裂重组机制的一部分。
Specifically, researchers found that TEX11 forms discrete foci on meiotic chromosomes and appears to be a novel constituent of the meiotic recombination machinery.
减数分裂是在配对的染色体交换DNA和细胞内染色体数目减半时的一种细胞分裂。
Failure has often struck at the stage of meiosis, a type of cell division during which paired chromosomes swap DNA and the number of chromosomes per cell is halved.
解决了激光显微分离系统染色体样本制备的难题，使杨树花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体激光显微分离成为可能。
Some results as follows, 1. Chromosome preparation for laser micro-dissection system was solved, which indicated that laser micro-dissection of PMCs meiotic chromosomes in Populus was feasible.
解决了激光显微分离系统染色体样本制备的难题，使杨树花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体激光显微分离成为可能。
Some results as follows, 1. Chromosome preparation for laser micro-dissection system was solved, which indicated that laser micro-dissection of PMCs meiotic chromosomes in Populus was feasible.
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