默顿先生曾描述过大阪的堂岛米市(Dojimaricemarket)如何在17世纪提供远期合约，并于18世纪组织了期货交易。
Mr Merton has described how Osaka's Dojima rice market offered forward contracts in the 17th century and organised futures trading by the 18th century.
由于针对喷气燃料的远期期货市场流动性不佳，绝大多数的套期保值交易都是以西德克·萨斯轻质原油期货合约为交易标的的。
Long-dated futures markets for jet fuel are highly illiquid. Much of the hedging is carried out with WTI contracts but the actual fuel is mainly refined from pricier oils.
自然灾害引致的农产品供给的波动最终会导致农产品价格的波动，但是农场主可以通过购买期货合约和远期合约来对冲掉风险。
Supply fluctuations due to natural disaster create instability in farm prices, but farmers can hedge against such instability by purchasing future or forward contracts.
不象远期合约，期货通常是在交易所交易的。
Unlike forward contracts, futures contracts are normally traded on an exchange.
期货合约是买卖双方就远期商品交易价格达成的协议。
Futures contracts are agreements between a buyer and a seller to exchange something at a set price at some time in the future.
针对电力市场不同阶段的特点，基于期货和远期合约的基本原理，建立了不同的风险规避模型，并分析了其在电力交易中的功能体现。
In accordance with the characteristics of different stages of power market, this paper proposes the different risk evasion models based on the basic principles of future and forward contract.
指按当前市场的现汇汇率结算所持有的远期外汇期货合约的成本。
It refers to the cost used to liquidate outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts at the spot rate.
总体而言，世界上主要的衍生金融工具种类包括期货、期权、远期合约和互换。
To sum up, the world's major types of derivatives include futures, options, forward contracts and swaps.
例如远期外汇合约，期货买卖合同等在未到期前均为资产负债表外科目。
For example: foreign currency forward and futures will be off balance sheet account before expiry date.
重要的是不要把期货和远期混为一谈，因为期货合约与远期合约是不相同的。
It is important not to get futures and forwards confused because futures contracts are different from forward contracts.
现价建立在与特定的期货合约的基差基础上的远期合同。
A forward contract in which the cash price is based on the basis relating to a specified futures contract.
要维持电力市场稳定运行，必须在现货市场的基础上进一步完善其他的市场运行机制，其中，建立发电安装容量市场、远期合约市场和期货市场是两种有效的手段。
For keeping the stability, it is necessary to set up generating capacity market besides spot market. That ensures the electricity market in the state of effective competition.
中国期货市场主力合约在时间维度上的这种远期性特征与套期保值和定价功能发挥所要求的近期性特征无法一致，这样就严重影响了期货市场这两种功能的发挥和作用。
S sight contracts come into being by hedger's need for sight contracts in real economy. The time feature of dominant contracts on China's futures market cannot match with the sight feature req…
中国期货市场主力合约在时间维度上的这种远期性特征与套期保值和定价功能发挥所要求的近期性特征无法一致，这样就严重影响了期货市场这两种功能的发挥和作用。
S sight contracts come into being by hedger's need for sight contracts in real economy. The time feature of dominant contracts on China's futures market cannot match with the sight feature req…
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