【译】双重阻断肾素-血管紧张素系统的替代终点软科学的突然死亡。
The sudden demise of dual renin-angiotensin system blockade or the soft science of the surrogate end point.
因此，替代终点如反应率和无进展生存率被普遍接受，尽管各方意识到风险所在。
Thus, surrogate endpoints like response rate and progression-free survival are commonly accepted, although all parties involved realize the risk involved.
自从1992年起，FDA认为对那些基于所谓替代终点、或是被认为药物将使病人健康得到改善的药品实行加快审批是理所应当的。
Since 1992, the FDA has granted accelerated approval to drugs based on so-called surrogate endpoints, or initial measures that suggest the drug will make real improvements in patient health.
结论：MTT法较之常规直接观察法结果更为客观、准确，且可量化，因而可以很好的替代肉眼观察法来判定真菌药敏试验的终点。
Conclusion: MTT assay is more objective, more precise than routine direct observing, then it can replace routine direct observing assay to determine antifungal endpoint.
结论：端粒酶可以作为口腔白斑癌变化学预防的替代性终点标记物监测口腔白斑癌变。
Conclusion: Ttelomerase could act as a surrogate endpoint biomarker for oral chemoprevention during OLK carcinogenesis.
结论：端粒酶可以作为口腔白斑癌变化学预防的替代性终点标记物监测口腔白斑癌变。
Conclusion: Ttelomerase could act as a surrogate endpoint biomarker for oral chemoprevention during OLK carcinogenesis.
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