仔细研究穷人的生育行为是很重要的，因为有大量关于婴儿高死亡率的“替代效应”的文献。
A closer look at the fertility behavior of the poor is important because of the extensive literature on the "replacement effect" of high infant mortality.
收入效应远远比替代效应强大。
The income effect is far more powerful than the substitution effect.
这不是悖论，是因为工资增长有收入效应还有替代效应。
That’s not a paradox, because rising wages have an income as well as a substitution effect.
这不是悖论，是因为工资增长有收入效应还有替代效应。
That's not a paradox, because rising wages have an income as well as a substitution effect.
第一，分析对家庭储蓄的收入效应和替代效应。
The first, analyze the family saving income effect and substitute effect.
利率主要通过替代效应和价格效应影响寿险需求。
Interest rate affects life insurance demands mainly through the replacement effect and price effect.
当财富效应小于替代效应时，股价与通货膨胀负相关。
When the wealth effect is smaller than the substitution effect, the stock price negatively correlated with inflation.
税务筹划利导了企业税收引起的收入效应、替代效应与金融效应。
It promotes the income effect, substitution effect and finance effect aroused by tax.
如果说因为一些替代效应的作用使个人电脑的性能正在变得更好，我不会感到惊讶。
I wouldn't be surprised if PCs are turning out to be more robust because of a bit of a substitution effect.
利率上升的消费效用取决于利率上升的替代效应和收入效应的作用之和。
The consumption effect of the interest rise depends on the substitution effect and the income effect.
对我国青年就业的影响，也有两方面的效应：就业的创造效应和就业的替代效应。
Its impact on the employment of Chinese youth is also double in effect: the function of the employment creation and substitution.
本文基于会计信息噪音的视角，研究了上市公司高管薪酬激励与股权激励之间的替代效应。
We exam the substitute effects of salary incentive and stock option incentive of CEO of listed firms from the perspective of accounting information noise.
但是，当由于延误而可能用进口替代国产品的时候，后者影响通过替代效应却可以是消极的。
However, the latter effect may be negative via the substitution effect as, with a delay, imports may substitute for domestically produced goods.
菌剂与复合肥在增强草坪草抗寒性方面对不同的指标表现出互补效应和不可替代效应同时存在。
Study on applying bacteria fertilizer and chemical fertilizer showed a concurrence of the complementarity effect and the unreplacement effect to different indexes on cold resistance enhancement.
不完善的社会保障制度使居民收入预期不景气，导致利息征税的收入效应呈大于替代效应趋势。
Bad expectation of residents income due to imperfect social security system has leaded to levying interest's income affection being greater than suppression affection.
本文利用空间价格梯度场模型分析了森林认证对关税壁垒的替代效应，并在最后提出了相关建议。
This paper analyzes the substituting effect of forest certification against tariff barriers using a space-price gradient model, and gives Suggestions.
尤其在代理理论的背景下，就外部委员会成员的监督活动而言，我们对替代效应的存在表示怀疑。
More specifically, in the context of agency theory, we question the existence of a substitutability effect regarding monitoringactivities by external board members.
所得税对储蓄行为的影响是积极的还是消极的，取决于税收储蓄的收入效应与替代效应的相对大小。
Weather the income tax influence on saving behavior is positive or negative depends on the net effect of income effect and substitute effect resulted by the tax saving.
定量分析发现：首先，整体而言，我国股市不存在财富效应，股市对我国居民消费是一种替代效应。
Firstly, quantitative analysis discovery that there is no stock market wealth effect in China, stock market has a replacement effect to consumption.
商品的价格提高，整体的购买力下降(收入效应)，消费者转向购买相对价格低的商品(替代效应)。
As the price of a commodity rises, overall purchasing power decreases (the income effect) and consumers move toward relatively less expensive goods (the substitution effect).
已有的一些理论和实证研究表明，公开信息和私有信息之间存在两种不同的关系——替代效应和互补效应。
Some theoretical and empirical research indicated that there are two kinds of relations between public information and private information: substitute effect and supplementary effect.
课税是影响就业的一个重要因素，目前对此的研究主要包括劳动供给曲线以及课税的收入效应与替代效应等。
This article argues that taxation has its impact on employment. Up to now, studies on this field mainly concern the supply curve of labor, the revenue effect and substitutive effect of taxation.
本文利用信息博弈论分析激励强度的确定，分析其他因素替代效应，对于有效管理销售人员具有重要的参考价。
This paper analyzes the stimulation intensity using the game theory, and also studies the substitution effects of kinds of stimulation methods.
从微观层面上看，非正规就业对正规就业具有替代效应：对用人单位而言，非正规就业能够带来更多的经济效益；
From microscopic visual angle, informal employment can take place of formal employment: as to the employer, informal employment brings more benefit;
研究发现，煤炭和电力之间存在显著的替代效应，而其它竞争性能源形式之间不存在替代效应，并对这一结论做了解释。
A remarkable substitutive effect is found to exist between electric power and coal but not between the other competitive energy sources. An explanation of this conclusion is provided.
股票市场通过财富效应、风险分散效应、交易效应和替代效应等多种渠道影响货币需求，不同效应的影响方向是不同的。
According to Friedman's analysis, stock market affects monetary demand from four perspectives: wealth, riskspreading, transaction and substitution, with different effects in different directions.
货币需求通过直接和间接方式对股票市场产生影响，而股票市场通过财富效应、交易效应、资产组合效应和替代效应的共同作用对货币需求产生影响。
Namely, including the direct demand in money, the stock market exerts influences on the money demand by the combined roles of effects of wealth, exchange, asset integration and substitution.
由于奥巴马支持对碳实行限额交易以遏制温室效应，美国的公共设施可能会从使用煤转向天然气这样的替代能源。
Because Obama supports a carbon cap-and-trade system to curb greenhouse gases, U.S. utilities could move away from coal to alternatives like natural gas.
由于奥巴马支持对碳实行限额交易以遏制温室效应，美国的公共设施可能会从使用煤转向天然气这样的替代能源。
Because Obama supports a carbon cap-and-trade system to curb greenhouse gases, U.S. utilities could move away from coal to alternatives like natural gas.
应用推荐