回顾了负折射介质的研究历史，综述了光子晶体负折射效应的物理机制、研究进展以及目前的主要研究方向，展望了光子晶体负折射效应的应用前景。
The history and mechanism of negative refractive effects of photonic crystals are reviewed. The research progress and status are discussed. Finally, the application foreground is forecasted.
主要内容包括：第一章阐述了光子晶体概念，光子能带理论，带隙导光机理等，简要介绍了光子晶体的分类及应用方向。
The contents are as follows: In the first chapter, there is an illumination about the concept of photonic crystal, theory of photonic band, the mechanism of manipulating light, and so on.
一个主要的研究方向是以碳纳米管为模块，采用自下而上的构筑方式制备纳电子器件（包括晶体管、传感器等）。
One of the important research directions is the fabrication of nano electrical devices including transistor and sensor by bottom-up method using carbon nanotubes as building block.
一个主要的研究方向是以碳纳米管为模块，采用自下而上的构筑方式制备纳电子器件（包括晶体管、传感器等）。
One of the important research directions is the fabrication of nano electrical devices including transistor and sensor by bottom-up method using carbon nanotubes as building block.
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