这段时间基因公司23andme正在提供这种测试的降价服务。
The genetic company 23andme is offering a sale on the test for a limited time.
然而最近的案例显示时间界限被打破，这表明休眠基因可能只是冰山一角。
More recently, however, examples have been reported that break the time limit, suggesting that silent genes may not be the whole story.
答案是特定细胞中只有一小部分基因在特定的时间被表达或使用。
The answer is that only a small subset of the genes in a particular kind of cell are expressed, or turned on, at a given time.
因为如果没有图谱，每个研究者为了他或他的研究，可能会花费一生的时间来搜集完整的基因表达数据。
Without the atlas each researcher could spend a lifetime trying to gather complete gene-expression data for his or her work.
但是，如果沉默基因在600万到1000万年内退化，那么失去已久的性状如何在更长的时间内被重新激活呢？
But if silent genes degrade within 6 to 10 million years, how can long-lost traits be reactivated over longer timescales?
每次分裂后，端粒变短一段时间后可能发生的一件事是染色体上的基因片段会断裂。
So after each division, the telomeres get shorter and one of the things that may happen after a while is that pieces of the genes themselves get broken off the Chromosomes.
虽然如此，它确实具有能合成自己核糖体的基因，随着时间推移它也确实会这样做，稀释掉帮助它启动的那些遗留物质。
It has the genes with which to make its own ribosomes, though, and as time goes by it will do so, diluting out the legacy that got it started.
但科学家们目前尚不能确定这种基因突变是如何改变人们睡眠时间的。
The researchers are not yet certain how the gene mutation works to shift people's sleep time.
另一个可能性是，这项基因使你性格较外向，更喜欢花时间与他人相处，从而有助于你提升面孔辨识能力。
Another possibility is that the genes may make you more extroverted, and spending more time with people helps you get better at recognizing faces.
由于95%的跟踪率，这项研究提供了独特的机会研究基因与环境是如何随时间互相作用的。
With a remarkable follow-up rate of nearly 95 percent, the study provides a unique opportunity to examine how genes and environment interact over time.
告白时间：如果世上存在语言学习的基因的话，我宣布我完全没有。
Confession time: If there's such a thing as a language-learning gene, I lack it.
研究人员正在探索，使用干细胞及基因触发等生物手段，来防止——甚至逆转——时间对皮肤的摧残。
Researchers are exploring the use of such biological tools as stem cells and gene triggers to prevent-and even reverse-the ravages of time.
一份相关报道关注到了牛随时间发生的基因转变。
A related report looked at genetic changes in cattle over time.
研究还发现与更年期开始时间有关的基因，表明更年期过早会增加患骨疏松症和心血管疾病的风险。
The study also found genes related to the onset of menopause. Early menopause increases risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.
大约50%的人的时间类型是由基因决定的。
罗宾·邓巴教授，这项研究者之一，说道：“这是第一次将基因进化时间深度应用到脑部进化的研究中。”
Prof Robin Dunbar, co-author of the study, said: ‘For the first time, it has been possible to provide a genuine evolutionary time depth to the study of brain evolution.
在我们身体中许多基因控制着蛋白质编码基因在不同地方和时间的开和关，这就让基因序列更加复杂了。
Many genes control when protein-coding genes are turned on and off at different places and times in the body, adding a whole new layer of complexity to the genome.
这个部位的时间跨度很大，而且含有大量基因：研究发现，在40岁后，不下440个基因开始放缓速度。
That's a big chronological span, and it netted a big genetic haul: the research identified no fewer than 440 genes that start to slow down after age 40.
基因标记会在短时间内将新特性传递给下一代。
These genetic imprints can short-circuit evolution and pass along new traits in a single generation.
Crisanti说，这意味着基因有能够在短时间内变成大群体的能力。
That means the gene has the ability to transform even large populations in a short amount of time, Crisanti says.
生命利用基因传播，科技利用文化基因(用Dawkin的话说，就是思想随着时间传播)，Kevin的激进想法就是，文化基因可能比基因更强大。
Life USES genes, technology USES memes (Dawkins' word for an idea that travels through time) and Kevin's radical idea is that memes may be stronger than genes.
这样做的结果是大大节省了时间。因为没有图谱，每个研究者为了他或他的研究，可能会花费一生的时间来搜集完整的基因表达数据。
The result is a massive saving in time, since without the atlas each researcher could spend a lifetime trying to gather complete gene-expression data for his or her work.
科学家能够在一种老鼠的身上复制这一基因变异，结果发现，这种老鼠需要的睡眠时间也比平常少了。
The scientists were able to replicate the gene variation in a strain of mice and found that the mice needed less sleep than usual, too.
环境所引发的基因变异被称为“表观遗传变化”，它可能会影响基因被激活的时间、被激活的程度以及它如何与邻近基因相互配合。
Environmentally triggered alterations in genes - known as epigenetic changes - can affect when a gene is activated, how robustly it is turned on and how it interacts with neighboring genes.
与正常的老鼠相比，携带一个变异基因的老鼠睡眠时间少1.2小时，而携带有2个变异基因的老鼠睡眠时间少2.5小时。
Compared with the normal mice, those with one mutant gene slept about 1.2 hours less, and mice with two mutant genes slept 2.5 hours less.
很多生物学家仍认为停止衰老只是一个幻想，因为我们永远不能克服细胞过段时间就会死亡，以及基因组的消耗磨损等生物程序。
Plenty of biologists still say it's a mirage because we will never overcome the biological programme whereby cells die after a certain time, or indeed the rigours of wear and tear on the genome.
加州旧金山大学的研究人员一直在寻找与人们睡眠质量和时间有关的基因。
University of California, San Francisco, researchers have long hunted genes related to how and when people sleep.
笔者提出，鉴于病毒化石存在时间长，种类多，很多情况下可能发生基因注入，也许经过了数百万年的时间。
The authors propose that given the viral fossils' time span and diversity, the insertions likely happened on multiple occasions—possibly over the course of millions of years.
答案似乎是通过一段时间的寒冷天气后关闭基因完成。
The answer, it seems, is by turning off a gene after a certain period of cold weather.
答案似乎是通过一段时间的寒冷天气后关闭基因完成。
The answer, it seems, is by turning off a gene after a certain period of cold weather.
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