标记辅助数量性状育种的前提是必需明确有利数量基因在高育种价值材料的分布。
A definitude result, whether the target QTL was being among high breeding value varieties (QTL distribution), should be known, which is prerequisite for marker-assisted breeding for QTLs.
结果5例放射病病人的红细胞CR1数量基因无变化，而红细胞CR 1活性明显低于正常值。
Results ECR1 gene was not changed in ARS. And ECR1 activity in ARS (5 cases) was significantly lower than in normal people.
从受损区到更原始流区的基因流的数量急剧增加，导致了大量的基因流动，进而降低了后代的总体适应性。
Such a dramatic increase in straying from damaged areas to more pristine streams results in substantial gene flow, which can in turn lower the overall fitness of subsequent generations.
但更重要的在于这一成果增加了人类基因治疗的微不足道的成功数量。
More importantly, though, it adds to the rather small number of human successes with gene therapy.
1号染色体最大，与其他染色体相比来说，含有最大数量的基因。
Chromosome 1 is the biggest and contains, per chromosome, the greatest number of genes.
所不同的是细胞核可维持的DNA数量不是作为一个老的基因重复的副本，而是作为新的进化的原始材料。
The difference is the amount of DNA that could be supported in the nucleus, not as repetitive copies of the same old genes, but as the raw material for new evolution.
但是请想象一下，如果一定数量的雌雌伴侣某个基因发生突变，并且使它有能力区别哪个是自己产的卵，哪个是它同性伙伴的，贝利说。
But imagine if a genetic mutation arose in one member of a female-female pair that enabled her to distinguish her egg from that laid by her partner, says Bailey.
水蚤有大量之前从未见过的基因，也有一大堆在人类身上就发现的相同基因，其数量是至今科学家所知的昆虫或甲壳类生物中最多的。
Daphnia has a large number of never-before seen genes, as well as a big chunk of the same genes found in humans, the most of any insects or crustacean so far known to scientists.
欧洲关于实验动物数量的法规可以回顾到1986年，很久以后，研究才开始培育第一代携带其他物种基因的动物。
The European directive on how such animals should be treated dates from 1986, long before research led to the breeding of the first creatures that carried the genes of another species.
跟永久性基因不同的是，克隆动物会导致基因的数量和类型上的变化。
These are not the same as permanent genetic mutations but can lead to changes in the number or type of genes expressed in the cloned animal.
通过吃掉老弱病残和受伤者，鲨鱼协助维持其猎物鱼群的基因健康，同时也使其数量保持平衡。
Sharks help maintain the genetic health of the fish populations they feed on by eating the weak, sick and injured. They also keep their prey populations in balance.
研究员称该发现表明，未来有可能采用基因转变以使雄蚊无生殖力来控制携带疟疾病菌蚊子的数量。
The researchers said findings suggest that in future it might be possible to control the size of the malaria-carrying mosquito population by introducing a genetic change that makes males sterile.
由于这种蛋白质调节的基因数量众多，因此很难保证作用于该蛋白质的药物不会产生其他可能有生命危险的副作用。
The protein regulates so many genes that such a drug would almost certainly have unwanted and potentially deadly side effects.
所以通过计算信使RNA数量的变化，也就可以知道治疗过程对基因的影响。
Count the shifting number of messengers, then, and you can see the effects on the genes of a course of treatment.
在美国进行的两项涉及1.2万人的调查研究发现了缺失基因的数量与身高降低之间的关系。
Two studies involving 12, 000 people has been carried out in America and found a link between the amount of missing genetic material and a decrease in height.
基于一项样本数量为13945位冰岛吸烟者的研究，deCODE公司的研究人员证实如果胸腺嘧啶处在基因中恰当位置，就呈现出与嗜烟程度极强的相关性。
Based on a study of 13,945 Icelandic smokers, deCODE's researchers showed that having a t in the appropriate part of the gene correlates very strongly indeed with being a heavy smoker.
基于一项样本数量为13945位冰岛吸烟者的研究，deCODE公司的研究人员证实如果胸腺嘧啶处在基因中恰当位置，就呈现出与嗜烟程度极强的相关性。
Based on a study of 13, 945 Icelandic smokers, deCODE's researchers showed that having a t in the appropriate part of the gene correlates very strongly indeed with being a heavy smoker.
线粒体给予真核生物每个基因四或者五个数量级多的能源，这使他们能够穿过鸿沟的墙壁，打开直通道。
Mitochondria give eukaryotes four or five orders of magnitude more energy per gene, and that enabled them to tunnel straight through the walls of the chasm.
直到现在，只是零星地发现这类基因，因此这些基因的数量仍旧是未知数。
Until now, though, such genes have been discovered piecemeal, so no one knows how many there are.
人类基因组拷贝数变异缺失在数量上也有很大的不同，有些人的缺失数甚至能达到几百万。
There is a wide variation in the amount of these CNV deletions which people have in their genome, with some people having several million.
根据来自非洲、亚洲和欧洲的270个人的基因分析资料，科学家们绘制了新的“复制数量变异”图，它将改变科学家们寻找与疾病相关的遗传因子的方式。
The new CNV map – compiled from 270 individual genomes of people with African, Asian and European ancestry – will change the way in which scientists search for genes involved in disease.
有些人有两种“长的”启动基因(一个是从一位双亲中遗传而来)，启动基因是一种减少神经元连接处的血清胺数量的组合体。
Some people had two "long" versions of the promoter gene (one inherited from each parent), a combination that reduces the amount of serotonin in the junctions between nerve cells.
这种基因能产生一种蛋白质，这种蛋白质能控制一个细胞能产生的其他蛋白质的数量，而且对蛔虫的研究表明，该基因参与整个生命的生长和发育阶段。
The gene makes a protein that controls the quantities of other proteins a cell produces, and studies in roundworms suggest that the gene is involved in growth and development throughout life.
科学家对五个南部非洲人的基因组破译几乎使得已公布的人类DNA序列的数量加倍了。
The complete genomes of five southern Africans have been decoded, almost doubling the number of published human DNA sequences.
起初他们找到的基因并没有预料那么多，接着又发现基因数量远远大于预期。
They found at first that there were far fewer genes than they had expected, only to discover later that there were far more.
通过吃掉老弱病残和受伤者，鲨鱼协助维持其猎物鱼群的基因健康，同时也使其数量保持平衡。
Sharks help maintain the genetic health of the fish populations they feed on by eating the weak, sick and injured.They also keep their prey populations in balance.
这种植物种群数量的“大爆炸”是在古代植物染色体组加倍时发生的。染色体组加倍给植物提供了大量具有新功能的基因，这些新基因又形成了新特性。
These "big bangs" in plant evolution occurred when the genomes of ancient plants duplicated, providing vast Numbers of new genes that could take on new functions and lead to new traits.
这种植物种群数量的“大爆炸”是在古代植物染色体组加倍时发生的。染色体组加倍给植物提供了大量具有新功能的基因，这些新基因又形成了新特性。
These "big bangs" in plant evolution occurred when the genomes of ancient plants duplicated, providing vast Numbers of new genes that could take on new functions and lead to new traits.
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