在笔者的研究中，笔者将论证，这种对于效益主义的批判乃是一种误解，效益主义事实上有理论上的资源可以解释日常道德规则。
In my research, I will argue that utilitarianism, contrary to its critics' (mis) conception, has theoretical resources to take full account of commonsensical moral rules.
推动力不是经济效益而是保护主义。
排他主义——所有由于个人而增长的成本和效益并且资源的使用应对拥有者增长，并且只有拥有者，可以直接或间接卖给他人。
Exclusivity — All benefits and cost accrued as a result of owning and using the resources should accrue to the owner, and only the owner, either directly or indirectly by sale to others.
一些激进的保护主义者甚至主张不过经济成本和经济效益地保护野生生物和生态系统。
Some more radical preservationists also argue that wildlife and ecosystems should be preserved, whatever the cost, regardless of the economic benefits they may have for humans.
不幸的是，他们开始扩张疆域的时间恰好处于帝国主义的成本开始大于其效益的这一节点。
Unfortunately, they took up empire-building at precisely the moment when the costs of imperialism began to exceed the benefits.
不幸的是，他们开始扩张疆域的时间恰好处于帝国主义的成本开始大于其效益的这一节点。
Unfortunately, they took up empire-building at precisely the moment when the costs of imperialism began to exceed the benefits.
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