目的探讨输尿管镜取石术（URL）及微创经皮肾取石术（MPCNL）治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性。
To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of ureteroscopic lithotripsy(URL) and minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) in the treatment of complex proximal ureteral calculi.
目的探讨后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术的适应证、技术要点及临床价值。
Objective to explore the technique and clinical value of laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for the treatment of upper ureter calculi.
目的：探讨腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管结石的效果。
Objective:To discuss the treatment of ureteral calculi by retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy.
目的探讨无管化微造瘘经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾和输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性，评估无管化微创手术的优势。
Objective to explore and evaluate the efficacy and safety of tubeless mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PNL) in the treatment of renal or upper ureteral calculi.
目的探讨经皮肾穿刺输尿管镜取石术的有效配合及护理要点。
Objective To study the nursing points of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
目的：探讨后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管结石的利弊及手术适应证，为临床治疗提供依据。
Objective:To investigate the treatment of advantage, disadvantage, and indication by improved retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy compared with open ureterolithotomy.
目的探讨侧卧位在输尿管镜取石术治疗输尿管上段结石中的临床应用价值。
Conclusions Lateral decubitus ureteroscopic lithotripsy for upper urinary calculi could gain higher calculi clearance rate.
目的探讨侧卧位在输尿管镜取石术治疗输尿管上段结石中的临床应用价值。
Conclusions Lateral decubitus ureteroscopic lithotripsy for upper urinary calculi could gain higher calculi clearance rate.
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