问：中方对欧盟将航空纳入碳排放交易体系持何立场？
Q: What is China's position on the EU incorporating aviation emissions into the carbon trading scheme?
它们的目的是要建立某种总量管制和排放交易体系？
Should they aim to create some kind of global cap-and-trade system?
碳排放交易体系将覆盖发电、钢铁、水泥等重点行业。
The carbon emission trading system will cover power generation, steel, cement, and other key industrial sectors.
目前，欧洲排放交易体系这一主要的强制性市场并不承认森林碳信用额。
For the moment the main compulsory market, Europe's emissions-trading scheme, does not accept forest-carbon credits.
最好的是设定一项碳排放税，此税相比“总量管制和排放交易体系”更不容易受商业游说的影响。
Best of all, set a carbon tax, which is less susceptible to capture by business lobbies than is a cap-and-trade system.
同奥巴马一样，为了解决温室效应，他也提倡建立总量管制与排放交易体系，但他会分发许可证，而不是拍卖它们。
Also like Mr Obama, he proposes a cap-and-trade system for greenhouse gases, but he would give away the permits, not auction them.
较高的天然气价格和如今欧洲排放交易体系上极低的碳排放量拍卖价格意味着高污染的煤炭更加受到发电厂商的欢迎。
High gas costs and very low auction prices for carbon emissions within the European emissions Trading Scheme meant that generators chose to use dirty coal rather than gas.
本年末在哥本哈根的全球聚会可能将会将此纠正——通过将现有的森林纳入气候变化的游戏中，并进入全球碳排放交易体系中。
A global gathering in Copenhagen at the end of the year will probably put that right-by bringing standing forests into the climate-change game, and into the global carbon-trading system.
话虽如此，但由于德国对化石燃料的额外使用推高了欧洲排放交易体系的碳价格，因此其他地区对可再生能源的需求有可能增加。
That said, demand for renewables elsewhere might increase, as Germany's extra use of fossil fuels pushed up the price of carbon in Europe's emissions-trading scheme.
为了实现减排目标，各国(或地区)分别制定了应对全球气候变化的法律法规，建立了应对气候变化的碳排放交易体系，实施了各种气候变化税收政策。
To meet these objectives, these economies have enacted laws and regulations, established carbon emission trading systems and implemented various taxation policies to deal with global climate change.
气候变化委员会必须在2011年末抉择出温室气体排放量定价的最佳方式，是继续遵守欧盟温室气体排放交易体系（ETS），还是实行碳税，亦或两者混合采用。
The climate committee must decide by late 2011 the best way to put a price on greenhouse-gas emissions: an ETS, a carbon tax or a hybrid of both.
巴拉克·奥巴马提出限额交易体系，急于期望削减温室气体排放。议会会改变观念，与他想法一致吗？
Barack Obama is keen to curb greenhouse-gas emissions with a cap-and-trade scheme. Can Congress come round to his way of thinking?
这种方法在碳排放限额交易（cap-and-trade）或碳税体系下可能最为有效。
That would likely work best under a cap-and-trade or carbon tax system.
既然碳权的根本目的是为了减少碳排放，回收再利用的诡计只是对交易体系的歪曲而已。
Since the whole point of the credits is to cut carbon, double-counting them makes a mockery of the system.
经济学家也青睐碳排放价格方案，尤其是通过赋税方式而非“总量管制和交易”体系，这种系统对那些想通过缴纳罚金而制造污染的人十分脆弱。
Economists prefer carbon prices, especially those set by taxes rather than cap-and-trade systems, which are more vulnerable to capture by the polluters they are supposed to penalise.
奥巴马先生削减排放的首选策略，即总量控制与交易体系，正是为实现这一目标而制定的。
Mr Obama's preferred device for cutting emissions, a cap-and-trade scheme, is designed to do just that.
还有一种说法：更为有限的“总量管制和排放交易”体系，控制着发电站，和这个想法一致，但是要排除强烈反对它的石油工业。
There is also talk of a more limited cap-and-trade system, covering the power utilities, which are reconciled to the idea, but excluding the oil industry, which is still fiercely resisting it.
这在欧洲排放交易计划的体系家很难执行：英国能做的就是与那些想要放松排量限制的国家(意大利以及大多数的东欧国家)辩论。
That is hard within an ETS controlled by the European Commission: the most Britain can do is argue against the countries (Italy and most of eastern Europe) that want looser emissions caps.
美国环保署说，没有“补偿”的帮助，在“总量管制和排放交易”体系下的碳价将会是今天的两倍。
The Environmental Protection Agency says that without the contribution from offsets, the carbon price under the cap-and-trade system would be twice as high as it is now.
这项法案意在到2020年之前将温室气体排放量从2005年水平上削减17%，而它的核心是cap - and - trade(排放限制与额度交易)体系，这个体系要求对温室气体排放施加强制性限额。
The bill aims to cut 2005 emissions levels by 17% by 2020 and has at its core a cap-and-trade system that calls for mandatory caps on greenhouse gas emissions.
以江苏省为例，对水污染物排放权交易体系进行总体设计，确定开展排污权交易的具体技术规定、实施步骤和保证措施。
The overall design of water pollutant emissions trading system in Jiangsu province, and relevant technical guidelines, operation detailed and support policies.
以江苏省为例，对水污染物排放权交易体系进行总体设计，确定开展排污权交易的具体技术规定、实施步骤和保证措施。
The overall design of water pollutant emissions trading system in Jiangsu province, and relevant technical guidelines, operation detailed and support policies.
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