对挡土墙工程进行快速、准确、无损的检测，是确保工程质量至关重要且亟待解决的问题。
How to detect the quality of the retaining walls rapidly, accurately and harmlessly is becoming a critical problem in order to ensure project quality.
较大的挡土墙工程，经优化设计后可降低工程造价且能加快施工进度，使用方便，视觉舒适。
Some large project of retaining wall can improve construction process, economic values, and visual comfort by design optimization.
利用概率的方法，建立分析早龄期混凝土开裂的数学模型，并利用一实际的混凝土挡土墙工程观测结果进行验证。
A mathematic model is set up by probabilistic method for analyzing concrete crack in early age, which is tested by the observation results of a concrete retaining wall case.
利用概率的方法，确定开裂概率和临界开裂风险来评价混凝土结构的早龄期开裂的可能性大小，并在混凝土挡土墙工程中应用。
The probability of concrete structure cracking at early age is estimated by cracking probability and critical cracking risk with probabilistic method for a real case of concrete wall.
工程主要包括为约42幅位于新界及离岛而由路政署负责维修及保养的人造斜坡及挡土墙进行加固工程。
The works mainly comprise the upgrading of some 42 man-made slopes and retaining walls maintained by the Highways Department in the New Territories and Outlying Islands.
反滤作用：用于河流堤，坝公路铁路，机场路基，挡土墙回填土，边坡等岩土工程，提高稳定性。
Filtrate: it can strengthen in geotechnical engineering such as riverbank dam highroad railway roadbed of airport etc.
锚杆挡土墙在各种锚固工程中的应用有着广阔的发展前景。
The application of anchor rod retaining wall in various anchorage projects has wide developing prospect.
通过实际工程应用，介绍分析了桩基托梁挡土墙的工程特性和设计方法以及适用条件。
Through practical project application, the engineering characteristics, design methods and application conditions of retaining wall on supported beams of pile foundation were introduced and analyzed.
挡土墙是公路工程中广泛采用的一种构造物。
The retaining wall is widely used in highway engineering as a reconstruction.
根据工程实践，着重阐述了锚杆挡土墙的施工技术。
According to the engineering practice, the construction technology of anchored retaining wall is stated.
本文结合工程实例，总结了季节冻土区挡土墙破坏常见的几种型式，分析了破坏的主要原因，并介绍了防治措施。
The paper summarize some common types for earth-retaining wall failure in seasonally frozen soil region, analyses failure cause, introduces prevention and cure measures through project exemplar.
膨胀土曾引起大量的路堑边坡、路基边坡的滑坡失稳和坍塌破坏，护坡、挡土墙断裂毁坏等，对工程进度和形象都产生了不良影响。
Expansive soil can result in large amounts of instability, collapse and sliding of slopes, which made a disadvantageous influence to the project progress and image.
土的强度在土木工程中有重要意义，它是计算地基承载力、土坡稳定性和挡土墙上土压力的关键。
The strength of the soil is very important in civil engineering. It is a key for calculating the subsoil bearing capacity, the slope stability and the earth pressure on the retaining wall.
本文对扶壁式挡土墙进行优化计算，利用优化设计程序对不同参数下的截面状态和工程造价进行分析比较。
Counterfort retaining walls are optimized in the paper, using the optimum program, costs of different counterfort retaining wall parameters were calculated and based on the contrast analysis.
锚杆挡土墙可减少土方开挖工程量，有效避免不良地质情况下的边坡塌方。
Anchored retaining wall can reduce the earth excavation quantity and avoid slope collapse in unfavorable geological conditions effectively.
结合工程设计，对挡土墙主动土压力的大小和分布，以及作用点的取值等问题进行了讨论，并提出建议。
The discussions are made on the distribution of earth pressure, the magnitudes and the points of application of the resultant earth pressures for practical design.
石笼挡土墙作为一种新型的支挡结构，以其造价低、生态性好、适用范围广、柔性变形等特点得到了越来越多的工程应用。
As a new retaining structure, the gabion retaining wall is more and more used in projects for features of low cost, good ecology, extensive applicable range and flexible deformation, etc.
本文提出一套锚杆式挡土墙的实用计算方法，并在实际工程加以应用，取得了良好的技术与经济效果。
A series of calculation method for anchorage retaining wall is proposed, and they are used in practical construction, followed with a perfect technological and economical effects.
介绍了高速公路挡土墙墙后路堤填筑的施工工艺，为类似工程提供参考。
Filling construction technology of embankment behind retaining wall of expressway is introduced, which may provide reference to similar projects.
目前，加筋土已广泛应用于公路、铁路路基、边坡、挡土墙以及河岸等工程。
Now, reinforced soils have been used widely in road, railway subgrade, slope, retaining wall, bank protection and so on.
本文就焊接铁网石箱在水利工程挡土墙中的应用设计、制造工艺以及施工方法进行了详尽地介绍。
The paper introduces the design, the manufacture technology and the construction method of welded wire fabric gabion applicated in the water project.
水工墩墙结构广泛分布于水闸、涵洞、挡土墙等水利工程中，水工墩墙开裂已成为水利工程建设的一个通病。
Hydraulic pier structures are widely used in the construction of sluices, culverts and earth-retaining walls. Cracking of hydraulic piers becomes very common in hydraulic project construction.
在非饱和土条件下产生的负孔隙水压力（基质吸力）对于预测如边坡、挡土墙、挖方工程、基础工程之类的土石结构的稳定性十分重要。
Unsaturated soil condition which give rise to negative pore pressure is important in evaluating the stability of geotechnical structures such as slopes, retaining walls, excavations and foundations.
本文简介了压浆小桩加固滑体上挡土墙技术；着重分析了某工程的档土墙建在滑坡体上所引起严重的工程事故；
This paper introduces pressur-grouted little piles and analyses mainly a serious engineering accident of retaining wall built on a slip body in Sichuan.
挡土墙和锚杆是保持边坡稳定常采用的工程措施，而土压力则是决定挡土墙和锚杆稳定性的一个关键因素。
Retaining walls and anchors are usually used to keep the stability of slopes, and earth pressure is a key factor to determine the stability of retaining walls and anchors.
高填土挡土墙是土木工程中的不可回避的一类工程，它的设计理论和方法都是工程界研究的热点，其中加筋土挡土墙是近些年来应用的一种新型的挡土结构。
Retaining wall of high hill is a kind of project of civil engineering. Its design theory and method is a focus in engineering. In specially, reinforced soil is a new type of retaining structure.
该钻机主要用于土、岩锚杆、路基、坝基、挡土墙加固、爆破孔等钻孔工程以及高压旋喷孔的施工。
The drilling rig is mainly used in soil and rock anchoring, consolidation of road base, dam base and retaining wall, and blasting hole drilling and jet-grouting.
阐明了加筋土的概念、构成和作用，并对加筋土在挡土墙及浅基础问题中的应用和设计方法作具体介绍，可供工程设计参考。
This paper explains the concept. the composition and the function of reinforced earth, and also introduces th '5 design methods of reinforced earth wall and footing for reference in practice.
通过对拱坝式挡土墙的结构特点的分析，说明了这种结构形式相对于其他结构的优点，提出了拱坝式挡土墙的应用条件，并在实际工程中得到应用。
This paper analyzes the design characteristic of arch dam breast wall, gets the merit of this kind of structure style compared with other structure and puts forward the application condition.
在大多数州建筑法规规定，一个合格的工程师设计和授权或批准的挡土墙大于4英尺高。
Building codes in most states require that a qualified and licensed engineer design or approve retaining walls that are greater than four feet in height.
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