指示语、摹状词和专名都是具体指称手段，但却属于不同的语义类型。
There are three distinct kinds of singular definite referring expressions: proper names, definite descriptions and deictic words.
美国哲学家皮尔士根据符号与指称对象之间的关系把符号分为类象符号、指示符号、抽象符号。
American philosopher Peirce divided signs into icon, index and symbol according to the relation between sign and its object.
克里·普克、普特南是因果历史理论的代表，他们认为：专名是严格指示词，在每个可能世界都指称同一个对象。
Kripke and Putnam who has presented the theory of the historic causality consider that proper name is the rigid designator, and always refers to the same object in every possible world.
各种指称关系都与指示词所处的局部语境甚至整个语篇息息相关。
All these relationships are closely related with the local contexts and even the whole discourses.
人称指示语是指对编码于言语活动中的参与者或相关角色的符号指称。人称指示语包括人称代词和身份语。
Person deixis concerns the encoding of the role of participants in the speech event in which the utterance is delivered.
人称指示语是指对编码于言语活动中的参与者或相关角色的符号指称。人称指示语包括人称代词和身份语。
Person deixis concerns the encoding of the role of participants in the speech event in which the utterance is delivered.
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