例如，伦敦市中心的拥挤收费区的建立就在于鼓励更多地使用公共交通。
For example, central London's Congestion Charging Zone is intended to encourage more use of mass transit.
城市道路拥挤收费是实现交通需求管理，缓解交通供给矛盾的经济手段。
Urban traffic congestion pricing is an economic means of traffic demand management and traffic congestion moderation.
拥挤收费可以增加社会福利，但社会福利的增加并不总是伴随着交通拥挤的改善。
It is true that social welfare gains through congestion pricing, however, the traffic congestion may not be alleviated.
伦敦市于2003年2月在中心区实施了拥挤收费政策，该政策取得了良好的成效。
A congestion charging policy has been implemented in central London since February 2003, yielding an improvement of street traffic operations within the citys central district.
道路拥挤收费作为现代城市交通需求管理的有效措施在理论和实践上具有重要意义。
As an effective measure of modern urban traffic management, congestion pricing plays an important role in theory and practice.
最后浅析我国大城市实行拥挤收费可能面临的诸多障碍，并有针对性地提出解决方案。
Finally, summarizes the obstacles which would be faced in China's crowded cities to execute congestion charging, and puts forward solutions accordingly.
通过建立路段社会总收益函数，分析交通路网供需特性，给出了拥挤收费起点的一个解释。
Through building a function of social utility and analyzing supply-demand features of the traffic network, a new explanation of the congestion toll threshold is presented.
通过拥挤收费政策实施前后车流量、环境、商务活动的对比，归纳了拥挤收费政策的实施效果。
The paper then outlines the implementation results of this policy on traffic flows, environment, and commercial activities through a before-and-after comparison.
城市交通拥挤收费作为现代城市交通需求管理的有效措施，在理论上和实践上都具有十分重要的意义。
Congestion pricing, an effective measure of modern urban traffic demand management, plays an important role in the theory and practice.
通过道路拥挤收费改变了出行者对道路使用、出行时间的选择，使得道路的使用效率提高，节省了交通时间。
Collecting the traffic congestion tolls change the road-users choosing the roads and time so that it increases the rate of road use and saves the traffic time.
通过拥挤收费可使社会剩余达到最大，同时可减少用户剩余，这对进一步研究道路使用收费有一定的借鉴意义。
The implementation of congestion pricing brings to the maximization of social surplus with leading to the loss of users surplus, which is very useful for further research on congestion pricing.
在可变需求网络中考虑交通流分配的非均衡演化过程，建立一个时变拥挤收费和道路通行能力的联合最优控制理论模型，旨在使系统的全期总收益最大。
This paper presents a joint optimization model of time varying road tolls and capacities using the optimal control theory in disequilibrium traffic networks with elastic demand.
交通拥挤收费使城市道路这种稀缺资源的产权得到了确定，为市场有效地配置这种资源提供了保障，也为解决日益严重的交通拥挤问题提供了一个很好的思路。
Traffic congestion pricing defines the property of city road and gives a guarantee to configuring city road effectively and a good thinking way to alleviating the more and more serious congestion.
交通拥挤收费使城市道路这种稀缺资源的产权得到了确定，为市场有效地配置这种资源提供了保障，也为解决日益严重的交通拥挤问题提供了一个很好的思路。
Traffic congestion pricing defines the property of city road and gives a guarantee to configuring city road effectively and a good thinking way to alleviating the more and mor…
德国的车辆通行收费系统依靠在某些方面像智能手机一样灵巧的装置，使货车司机在使用了该国拥挤的高速公路后要被扣除掉相应的费用。
Germany's Toll Collect system, which ensures that lorry drivers pay for using the country's crowded motorways, relies on gadgets that are in some ways as clever as a smartphone.
这种收费系统不断被各个城市所采纳，特别是拥挤的大城市，包括伦敦和斯德哥尔摩。
Such toll systems are multiplying, particularly in big congested cities, including London and Stockholm.
明年该局还计划测试一套以卫星定位为基础的收费系统，这样就不用建立公路收费站，只需根据特定时段这条公路的拥挤状况来进行收费。
And next year it plans to test a satellite-based system that does not require gantries and can charge according to how congested a road is at that particular time.
在静态交通量分配中，针对边际收费策略会引起系统总费用过大的问题，本文设计了最小收费策略收取拥挤道路使用费。
For the problem of high system cost brought by the marginal congestion pricing strategy in static traffic routing, a minimum congestion pricing strategy is put forward to levy the taxes.
拥挤道路使用收费作为交通需求管理一种有效措施在许多国家和地区开始提倡，并显示了强大的生命力。
Collecting toll for road jammed with traffic as an effective measure was adopted for managing traffic demand in many countries and areas, and it shows strong vitality.
拥挤道路使用收费作为现代城市交通需求管理的有效措施在理论上和实践上都具有十分重要的意义。
Congested road use pricing, an effective measure of modern urban traffic management, plays an important role in theory and practice.
本文将城市拥挤道路使用收费的思想运用到控制过境交通上来，取得了不错的效果。
This paper apply the theory of congestion toll to the control of transiting flow and acquire good result.
拥挤道路收费作为交通需求管理的一项有效措施，越来越受到交通管理者和专家、学者们的重视。
Congestion pricing as one of the tools of demand management is effective to alleviate the traffic congestion.
并设计了基于模拟退火算法求解的优化算法。算例分析表明，基于可变公交发车频率的城市拥挤道路收费定价模型和算法能够更有效地解决道路拥挤问题。
The optimal algorithm is also designed based on the simulated annealing algorithm. A numerical example illustrates that the model and algorithm can effectively solve the problem of road congestion.
并设计了基于模拟退火算法求解的优化算法。算例分析表明，基于可变公交发车频率的城市拥挤道路收费定价模型和算法能够更有效地解决道路拥挤问题。
The optimal algorithm is also designed based on the simulated annealing algorithm. A numerical example illustrates that the model and algorithm can effectively solve the problem of road congestion.
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