在不喷洒杀虫剂的地方，蚊子没有抗药基因反而好。
In areas where insecticide is not sprayed, mosquitoes without the resistance gene do better.
出于某些原因，抗药基因会使你在冬天生存力下降。
For some reason, having the resistance gene makes you less likely to survive the winter.
也可能是因为人类使用了抗生素，所以加速抗药基因在物种间的循环。
Another possibility is that human antibiotic use has promoted the circulation of resistance genes to other species.
借由这项资料可得知(虽然只有十个北极熊样本)，抗药基因不只存在于跟人类有接触的动物身上。
Instead, these data (albeit based on only ten animals) do suggest that only those animals which are in close contact with people act as reservoirs.
研究小组的假说推论，如果抗药基因的循环是自然现象的话，那就能在此杳无人迹的地方找到这类基因。
The team theorised that if the circulation of antibiotic-resistance genes was a natural phenomenon, they would find these genes even in this isolated population.
他说，加拿大的研究人员早就预期会有抗药基因的累积，但由于除草剂的种类远多过抗药基因，因此控制这些植物的生长，不会比单一基因改造的品种更困难。
Canadian researchers expected resistance genes to accumulate, he says, and because there are more herbicides than resistance genes, the plants are just as easy to control as singly modified varieties.
他们运用类似DNA指纹识别的技术，寻找抗药性的基因的存在，并在高浓度季铵盐存在下找到了它们。
Using techniques similar to those involved in DNA fingerprinting, they then looked for the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes - and found these in high concentrations.
但大家该担忧的不只如此，因为某些动物身上的细菌也发现了抗药性基因。
More worrying still is that the genes which confer this resistance are also showing up in bacteria found in other animals.
这类持续存在的病原体虽然其本质不同于那些通过基因突变而产生抗药性的病原体，但是它们的存在都是不小的问题。
Persistent bugs are different from those that develop antibiotic resistance through genetic mutations, but may be just as much of a problem.
“Amflora基因对抗生素产生抗药性，这让人尤为担忧。”他这样说。
"There are serious concerns about an Amflora gene that is resistant to antibiotics, " he said.
可以推断，针对Xalkori的抗药性是由于这三个基因中的一个或多个发生了突变导致的结果。
Presumably, resistance to Xalkori is being caused by disabling mutations in one or more of these genes.
他们周六公布已经发现细菌中的基因对8种抗生素产生抗药性。
They announced on Saturday that they have found genes in the bacteria that gave it resistance to eight classes of antibiotics.
这种基因能生成一种蛋白质，这种蛋白质能把毒素排出细胞外，这也是肿瘤细胞对化疗药物产生抗药性的主要原因。
The gene makes a protein that pumps toxin out of cells, and is a major cause of the resistance that tumors often develop toward chemotherapeutic agents.
有一种突变的基因能够调控肿瘤细胞使其在化疗药物发挥作用前将药物泵出细胞外，从而具有抗药性。
One probably made the cancer drug-resistant by enabling the tumor cells to pump chemotherapy drugs right out of the cell before they could do their work.
杜克试验在和抗药相关的当前已知位点检测HIV株的基因突变。
The Duke test examines the genes of HIV strains for mutations at certain positions that are known to be linked to drug resistance.
研究人员还鉴定出北京雾霾的元基因组中含有几种具有碳青霉烯类抗药性的基因，碳青霉烯类是用于治疗具有挑战性细菌感染最后求助的抗生素。
The researchers also identified in the Beijing smog metagenomes that contained several genes resistant to carbapenems, a class of last-resort antibiotics for treating challenging bacterial infections.
抗叶酸类抗疟药的抗药性机制已基本搞清，与其作用靶酶二氢叶酸还原酶或二氢蝶酸合成酶基因点突变相关。
The molecular mechanism of resistance to the antifolates has been well characterisied and is due to structural changes in the target enzymes resulting from the point mutations of DHFR or DHPS gene.
从遗传图谱中已经可以洞察与不同药物处理相关的遗传转变，这将为我们发现抗药性基因提供可能。
This tool has already yielded insights into the genetic changes that correlate with different drug treatments, pointing us to genes that may contribute to drug resistance.
转基因“横向”迁移转让后，大肠杆菌的细菌被发现对抗生素产生抗药性，显示出转基因转入了细菌的基因。
After the transgenes transferred, the E. coli bacteria were found to be resistant to the antibiotic, showing that the transgenes had integrated into the bacteria's own DNA.
其中一些基因突变直接与抗药性有关，其他突变使得寄生虫更容易出现抗性。
Some of these genetic changes are links directly to resistance while others make the parasites more accessible to it.
摘要：目的通过检测杀虫剂抗性基因频率对广西壮族自治区北海市家蝇的抗药性现状进行分析，为该地区家蝇的防治提供依据。
Abstract: Objective to understand the current status of insecticide resistance of housefly in Beihai city of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region by molecular tools.
通过对于其它病原体的观察可发现，许多鹅口疮致病基因有着与抗药性密切相关的内毒素。
Many of these ORFs are known virulence factors associated with phage-like elements, as observed in other pathogens .
通过对于其它病原体的观察可发现，许多鹅口疮致病基因有着与抗药性密切相关的内毒素。
Many of these ORFs are known virulence factors associated with phage-like elements, as observed in other pathogens .
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