抗生素生物合成的分子生物学是抗生素基因工程的基础。
Molecular biology on antibiotic biosynthesis is the base of antibiotic bioengineering.
一些益生菌与条件感染有关，并且还有传递抗抗生素基因的危险。
Some probiotics are closely related to bacteria that are opportunistic pathogens and can transfer antibiotic resistance genes.
也可能是因为人类使用了抗生素，所以加速抗药基因在物种间的循环。
Another possibility is that human antibiotic use has promoted the circulation of resistance genes to other species.
由于一种细菌基因的蔓延，造成了高度耐药性，抗生素的效力正在节节下降。
The efficiency of antibiotics is decreasing due to the spread of a bacterial gene conferring high levels of drug resistance.
NDM - 1实际上只是一种基因片段，他可以产生一种酶，分解掉几乎所有的抗生素。
The NDM-1 is a gene that produces an enzyme that deactivate basically all antibiotics.
一种能够让多种细菌对抗生素产生耐药性的基因正在新德里的供水系统里广泛传播，并引发了全球的担忧。
A gene that causes a wide range of bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics has been found in the water supply in Delhi, with worrying implications for the rest of the globe.
对NDM - 1的活性至关重要的高温，拥挤的人群，大规模的抗生素过度使用，不足量使用和误用以及落后的感染控制手段都加剧了该基因的传播。
High temperatures, which are important for NDM-1 mobility, a crowded population, massive antibiotic over-use, under-use and misuse and poor infection control also contribute.
“Amflora基因对抗生素产生抗药性，这让人尤为担忧。”他这样说。
"There are serious concerns about an Amflora gene that is resistant to antibiotics, " he said.
生态学家们警告称，具有强烈耐药性的“超级臭虫”主要源自于基因改良物种的基因污染、禽畜饲养滥用抗生素。
Ecologists warned of gene pollution from genetically modified organisms, and overuse of livestock antibiotics was widely blamed for drug-resistant "superbugs."
他们周六公布已经发现细菌中的基因对8种抗生素产生抗药性。
They announced on Saturday that they have found genes in the bacteria that gave it resistance to eight classes of antibiotics.
其他的不同种类的治疗方法（例如骨髓移植，抗生素或者隔离）都已被证明是疗效不佳的，但是一种基于基因的治疗方法却治愈了大约24个孩子。
Various other therapies (for example, bone-marrow transplant, antibiotics or isolation) have proved inadequate, but a gene-based treatment helped cure nearly two dozen children.
在一些细菌中他们添加了抵抗特定抗生素的基因。原理如下，只有那些载有抗生素抗体基因的细菌才携带有真实的信息。
Into some bacteria they inserted genes for resistance to particular antibiotics; the idea is that only the antibiotic-resistant bacteria are carrying the real message.
该菌株含带有若干抗生素的耐药基因，似乎是2种大肠杆菌的混合体。
The strain appeared to be a combination of 2 types of E. coli.
该细菌含有一种被科学家称为“新德里金属-β-内酰胺酶1”（New Delthi Metallo-bata –Lactamase，简称NDM-1）的基因，这种基因极具危险性，因为它可以使细菌抵御抗生素。
The bacteria has a gene scientists call New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase, or NDM-1. The gene is dangerous because it can make bacteria resistant to antibiotic drugs.
比如说，指导抗生素耐药性的基因自如地在细菌之间进行着交换。
Genes for antibiotic resistance, for example, swap freely between species of bacteria.
因此，下一步正在进行，现在在教堂的实验室，是为了找出实际的基因，让这些细菌吞食和降解抗生素。
So the next step, under way now in Church's lab, is to identify the actual genes that let these bacteria devour and degrade antibiotics.
大环内酯类抗生素的基因工程研究进展十分迅速。
The study of gene engineering of macrolide antibiotics have made the rapid and exciting progress.
目的对氨基糖苷类抗生素生物合成基因的研究进展作一综述。
Objective To review the studies on the biosynthesis genes of the aminoglycoside antibiotics.
研究人员还鉴定出北京雾霾的元基因组中含有几种具有碳青霉烯类抗药性的基因，碳青霉烯类是用于治疗具有挑战性细菌感染最后求助的抗生素。
The researchers also identified in the Beijing smog metagenomes that contained several genes resistant to carbapenems, a class of last-resort antibiotics for treating challenging bacterial infections.
一般来说，抗生素抗性的传播是通过一个叫做水平基因转移的过程实现的，就是基因从一个个体转移到另一个个体的过程。
Generally, antibiotic resistance is spread through a process called horizontal gene transfer, the simple passing of genes from one individual to another.
研究结果表明：细菌可以影响到生命长短的基因，而过度使用抗生素可以影响到动物的生命健康以及寿命，甚至可能也会影响人类。
The results suggest that bacteria affect genes that control life span, and that overuse of antibiotics could harm well-being and longevity in animals and perhaps even in humans.
目的：对耐万古霉素的肠球菌进行表型及基因型分析，了解临床耐万古霉素肠球菌(VRE)的流行状况，指导临床合理使用抗生素。
Objectives: Through analyzing the phenotype and genotype of VRE, to investigate epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci strains (VRE) for instructing rational use of antibiotics in clinic.
目的：对耐万古霉素的肠球菌进行表型及基因型分析，了解临床耐万古霉素肠球菌(VRE)的流行状况，指导临床合理使用抗生素。
Objectives: Through analyzing the phenotype and genotype of VRE, to investigate epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci strains (VRE) for instructing rational use of antibiotics in clinic.
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